The Zeroprogram against Bullying Erling Roland BULLYING It

The Zero-program against Bullying Erling Roland

BULLYING It is bullying when one or several individuals, repeatedly and over time, is exposed to negative behaviour from one or several other individuals (p. 3). A certain degree of helplessness in the victim (p. 4) Olweus & Roland (1983)

1. DYNAMICS OF BULLYING Reactive aggression Frustration Insult Anger Cognitive breakdown Aggression

Proactive Aggression AFFILIATION POWER A VICTIM B C BYSTANDERS

• Power • Affiliation • Reduced responsibility • Dehumanisation

2. GENERAL PREVEVTION • The principle of authoritative classroom leadership, which reduces bullying (Roland & Galloway, 2002).

Peer group Leadership friendship concentration norms Socialstandard Routines Support Control Certainty is a key

Peer Group Classroom leadership Bullying

3. BULLYING FOCUSED PREVENTION Social events The subjects Planned sessions each week ‘talks with the pupils ‘literature ‘films ‘role play Individual talks with the pupils

3. SCHOOL YARD/CORRIDOR MONITORING Zero Vest Several teachers/assistants “on duty” Walking around Small talk with man Zero tolerance of negative behaviour Teacher certainty

4. THE PARENTS Parents meeting • The welcome • Small tables • General information • The Zero programme Individual meetings • Academic issues • Social issues • Bullying

5. INTERVENTION • Talk(s) with victim first • Talk with bullies one by one • Talks with the group of bullies • Talks with the parents • Follow up

6. THE GOOD START PRINCIPLE • The school yard • The classroom • Welcome ceremony The headmaster/rector

7. SCHOOL LEADERSHIP Same principles as classroom leadership ‘towards the staff ‘be visible for the pupils The school yard The classrooms School parents meeting

Keep Zero on the agenda Symbols: Zero material Meetings with staff/seminars Be interested Be informed about bullying cases

Implementation The Resource Group Support System gives seminars The Staff One-day seminar on 1 -7 Small follow up seminars arranged by the school The “Action Plan”

Material Books, films etc.

Basic Research Baseline, spring Effect, next spring Results: Primary school • Bullies • Victims Secondary school • Bullies • Victims Discussion of results

The Norwegian Manifesto Against Bullying . Launched: Sept 2002 by the Prime Minister Partners: The Government, the Teachers’ Union, the Municipalities’ Union, the Parental union, and the Ombudsman for Children. Mission: Co-operate on Zero-tolerance of bullying Activities Many national initiatives by the partners towards the respective target groups. About 75% of the schools reported increased or clearly increased anti-bullying work

Background manifesto A strong research tradition in the Nordic Countries starting about 1970. Media concern National anti-bullying campaigns: 1983: The Ministry of Education initiated the first national campaign.

Bullying is: It is bullying when one or several individuals, repeatedly and over time, is exposed to negative behaviour from one or several other individuals (p. 3). A certain degree of helplessness in the victim (p. 4) Olweus & Roland (1983)

Bullying • A package of material, including a booklet (Olweus & Roland, 1983), to all schools in Norway. • 1996 -97. The Second National Campaign • Centre for behavioural Research was responsible for content and implementation strategy. • The content was a direct precursor of the Zero-program.

The -program • A broad school approach • Bullying is understood as a kind of proactive aggression • Zero-tolerance • Adult responsibility • Pupil involvement

Prevention: • Classroom leadership • A short, structured discussion on bullying each weak • Meetings with parents • Monitoring schoolyard etc. . Intervention: • The pupil who is bullied • Individual talks with those who bully • Group talk • Involving the parents

Implementation of • • 3 -5 schools together Head-teacher and resource group Network between the 3 -5 schools Seminar day to all staff Seminars to resource groups Back up from CBR The schools’ own document to prevent and stop bullying • Baseline survey: Spring before start of program

• Effect study next spring, 4 months before end of program • Main result: • A significant reduction of about 25% at primary level after one year, 4 months before end of program • Secondary level: Between 15 and 20% reduction