The World of Bioplastics Dr Jim Lunt Biobased
The World of Bioplastics Dr. Jim Lunt
Biobased & Biodegradable Biobased Plastics Major focus is on the “origin of life” or where did the carbon come from (ASTM D 6866). Uses C 14 content measurement. Biodegradable (Compostable) Plastics Focus is on “end of life or disposal. ” Independent of Carbon Source Standards EN 13432 and ASTM D 6400. These two classes are, however, not mutually exclusive.
Projected Biomaterials Trends
Projected Biomaterials Trends Global Demand for bioplastics will increase more than fourfold to 900, 000 tonnes in 2013. (Freedonia)
Projected Biomaterials Trends Global Demand for bioplastics will increase more than fourfold to 900, 000 tonnes in 2013. (Freedonia) Global Production of bioplastics will increase sixfold to 1. 5 million tonnes by 2011. up from 262, 000 tonnes in 2007. (European Bioplastics)
Projected Biomaterials Trends Global Demand for bioplastics will increase more than fourfold to 900, 000 metric tons in 2013. (Freedonia) Global Production of bioplastics will increase sixfold to 1. 5 million tonnes by 2011. up from 262, 000 tonnes in 2007. (European Bioplastics) Production Capacity of bio-based plastics is projected to increase from 360, 000 tonnes in 2007 to about 2. 3 MILLION tonnes by 2013. (European Bioplastics)
Projected Biomaterials Trends Increasing demand for biobased, durable products in electronics and automotive applications. By 2011 durables are expected to account for almost 40% of bioplastics – compared with 12% today. (European Bioplastics)
Projected Biomaterials Trends Bioplastics will still only be 1% of the approximate 230 million tonnes of plastics in use today.
What is Driving this Growth? Oil Independence Environmental Pollution Global Warming Human Health Concerns Legislation
Legislation Against Petroleum Based Plastics
Key Legislative Initiatives for Bioplastics Japan Government has set a goal that 20% of all plastics consumed in Japan will be renewably sourced by 2020. Germany Ban on land filling solid waste with over 5% organic content. Biodegradable plastics exempt from the recycling directive until 2012. Savings of 1. 3 €/kg in favor of compostable bioplastics. USA Federal Farm Bill - Energy Title 9 Each Federal agency must design a plan to purchase as many biobased plastics as practically possible. Federal procurement plan will be based on biobased content, price and performance.
The Evolving Biobased Plastics Landscape
Biobased Polymer Capacities For Major Players Product Company Location Capacity/mt Price/# PLA Natureworks USA 140, 000 0. 85 -1. 20 PLA Hisun China 5, 000 1. 25 PHA’s Metabolix USA 300/50, 000 (2010) 2. 50 -2. 75 PHBH Meridian/Kaneka USA 150, 000? n/a PHBV Tianan China 2, 000 2. 40 -2. 50 Materbi Novamont Eu 75, 000 2. 0 -3. 0 Cereplast USA 25, 000 1. 50 -2. 50 HDPE/LDPE /PP Braskem SA 200, 000 (2010) 0. 80 -1. 00
The Biobased Leaders Today WHO? WHAT? Nature. Works, Hisun Novamont Cereplast Dupont Tianjin Bio Green /DSM Tianan Biologic Metabolix PLA Mater-Bi, Origo Bi Cereplast BIOMAX (PTT, Plantic) PHA PHBV PHA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Braskem Green Polyethylene
Who May Be the Biobased Leaders Tomorrow? WHO? WHAT? Braskem Dow/Crystalsev Du. Pont Arkema BASF Rohm & Haas Dow, Cargill Nature. Works LLC HDPE, LLDPE, PP HDPE PTT; PBT; Nylon 6, 12 Nylon 11, Pebax Nylon 6, 10 Acrylics Soy based urethanes PLA Blends …………………………………………………………… Durable …………………………………………………………… Degradable Novamont Nature. Works Metabolix DSM Origo Bio PLA PHA’s PHA’S
Why The Change? Continuing lack of infrastructure for use and disposal of compostable plastics. Many biobased plastics players too focused on compostability as the key differentiating asset. Increasing demand for biobased, semi durable and durable products for household goods, electronics and automotive applications. Increasing interest and developments in existing and new monomers from renewable resources.
Key Compostable Bioplastics Compounded Biobased Compostable ……………………………… Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX Polylactic Acid (PLA) 100% Renewable & Compostable
Compostable Bioplastics Second Generation Poly Hydroxy Alkanoates (PHA’s)
Compostable Bioplastics Do Not Yet Meet the Needs for Durables Areas of Concern Hydrolytic stability Distortion Temp Vapor Transmission Shelf Life PLA Hydrolytic Stability Distortion Temp (amorphous) Vapor Transmission Shelf Life Impact Resistance Melt Strength ………………. . …………… Starch Blends ………………. . ………………………………………………………………. . …………… PHA’S Hydrolytic Stability Shelf Life Processability Melt Strength Economics
Other Durable Bioplastics Are Appearing Polyethylene from Sugar Cane Nylon 6 from Lycine PET from Sugar Polyurethane Using Soy Based Alcohols Increasing Synergism with the Biofuels Initiatives
Next Generation of Bioplastic “Building Blocks" Monomers from Sugar / Cellulosic Biomass ……………. . ………………………………………………. Succinic acid (DSM, Bioamber, Roquette, Mitsubishi Chemical) 3 -hydroxy propionic acid (Cargill, Codexis) Acrylic acid (Ceres, Rohm & Haas) Aspartic acid (China) Levulinic acid (China) Sorbitol (Cargill, ADM, Roquette) Ethylene/ethylene glycol (Braskem, India Glycols) Propylene/propane 1, 3 diol (Braskem, Du. Pont / Tate & Lyle) Butylene/butane diol (Genomatica) Lysine/caprolactam (Draths) Terephthalic acid (Gevo) Adipic acid Isoprene (Goodyear, Genenco) FDCA- Avantium
Next Generation of Bioplastic “Building Blocks" Monomers / Intermediates from Vegetable Oils ……………. . . ………………………………………………………. Glycerol Acrylic acid (Arkema) Propane, 1, 2 diol (ADM) Soy based polyols (Dow, Cargill) Castor oil / 12 hydroxy stearic acid (India) Amino undecanoic acid (Atofina)
The Future For Bioplastics Will Depend On… Expanding from Single Use Compostable to Durable Applications Transitioning from Oil Based to Renewable Feedstocks Addressing Issues – Sociological, Environmental & Political Composting/Recycling Infrastructure Developments
Thank You
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