The World in 1600 British East India Company

The World in 1600

British East India Company Agents 1 -E

Coffee House in British India

Sepoy soldiers 1 -F

Sir Robert Clive 1 -G

Battle of Plassey: 1757 1 -H

Why was Great Britain so successful in India by the end of the 18 th Century? – The British had and used modern techology in combat against the native people (i. e. “brown bess” musket rifle) – The British played Hindu rulers against Muslim rulers in warfare by forming complex alliances – Great Britain dominated trade & markets due to their ability to mass produce finished goods & brought in cash crops for Indians to grow (i. e. cotton, opium, tea)

India in mid-18 c

British Soldiers in India, 1830 s

Outlawing Suttee (sati)

Fighting the Thuggees

British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China

Lord Dalhousie r. 1848 - 1856 1 -L

India: 18 c-early 19 c

The Palace of the Nawab of Moorshedabad, Bengal 1858

The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857 2 -A

Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

The Seige of Lucknow

Execution of Sepoys: “The Devil’s Wind” 2 -B

Effects of the Sepoy Rebellion – In 1858 the British Government instituted direct rule over India (* Queen Victoria ruled in India as its monarch) – India was partitioned (divided) into Muslim & Hindu sections (*Muslims on the eastern & western borders with Hindus in the middle) – The East India Company lost its control over India – The rebelling sepoys were punished through cruel methods of torture & death

The Raj: "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire – Why is India considered the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire? – It has a vast variety and amount of resources (cotton, opium, tea, ivory, metals, minerals, crops, etc. ) – It has a huge potential market for British goods (second largest population in the world at 1. 1 billion in 2010!!)

1876: Queen Victoria Becomes “Empress of India” 2 -D

Queen Victoria in India PAX BRITANNICA

Queen Victoria: Receiving the Crown of India

Sikhs – Bengal Cavalry of the British Army 2 -E

15 th Ludhiana Sikhs, 1889

Assorted British Soldiers, 1890 s

British Colonial Life During the Raj – The British treated the natives as servants & inferiors due to skin color (*under the Indian caste system the lightest skin color ranked highest in society) – Great Britain brought in technology BUT made sure they did not allow Indians to copy it or make their own versions of it (i. e. rifles, medicine, railroads, telegraphs) – British officials controlled & dominated the highest positions in trade & government

Bengal Medical Service, 1860

A Life of Leisure!

Br. Viceroy’s Daughter: Simla, 1863

Lady Curzon, 1904

Living Like a Maharajah

Darjeeling Railroad, 1880 s

Simla: Little England in the mountains of India

Karachi, 1896

Procession of the Rajahs, New Delhi, 1902

Victoria Station, Bombay

Chartered Bank of Calcutta, 1915

Theosophical Library – Madras, 1913

What were the BENEFITS of British rule in India? ? – British rule brought development: Railroads, telegraphs, medicine, technology, agriculture, etc. – It also brought new ideas for government (Democracy) – Westernization also came to India (Western European culture, ideas, clothing, music, art, etc. ) – Stability between different ethnic & religious groups due to British military occupation

What were the major LIMITATIONS of British rule in India? ? Great Britain dominated trade in opium, tea, cotton, ivory & other goods – Indian culture was not respected (i. e. sati & the caste system were outlawed) – Great Britain used India to produce raw materials but failed to start new industries in India (Indians had to buy finished goods from Europe as a result) – Many Indians were mistreated as laborers & were viewed as inferior based on their skin color (racism)