The World Bank Data Access The World Bank
The World Bank Data Access: The World Bank Experience 1/, and Economic Incentives for Enhancing Data Access in the Arab Region 2/ Doha, Qatar - December 7, 2010 Ingrid Ivins Statistician, Statistical Development and Partnership Team Regional Coordinator for MNA Statistical Capacity Projects <iivins 1@worldbank. org> 1/ 2/ First part of presentation drawn from more detailed World Bank ppt, available upon request. Second part of presentation based on forthcoming background note by Angel-Urdinola, Ivins, and Hilger, 2011. 1
The World Bank Table of Contents 1. The World Bank Experience: Open Data, Open Knowledge, and Open Solutions a. b. A Bit of History Current Features of Open Data 2. Application to MNA Countries – Potential Gains and Risks from Providing Access to Microdata c. d. e. f. Statistical Capacity Data Access Issues Example of Regional Coordination Options for Better Data Access 2
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; a) A Bit of History • 2008: Development of World Bank API for developers to build applications using an assortment of World Bank data • 2009: Next step was partnership with Google and launch of Bank’s “Data. Finder” • 04/10: Phase 1 of Open Data Initiative • 10/10: Official launch of Open Data Initiative • 2011 onwards: Unlimited possibilities! 3
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; a) A Bit of History • Official Open Data Press Release took place on October 5, 2010 • Part of larger release of World Bank documents, tools, and technology applications, and commitment to “Open Development” “We are working to make data analysis and modeling tools more userfriendly, so that researchers, civil society, and local communities can come up with their own findings – and double-check ours. ” - World Bank President Robert Zoellick 4
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; a) A Bit of History • Open Data Initiative - how to reach the potential users? • The press release, and many of the data and related tools are available in several languages. 5
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Open Data • New website in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, with over 2, 000 WDI/GDF indicators freely available • Data Catalog to provide access to all World Bank datasets • Best practice Terms of Use that allows commercial use and re-use • Multiple access options with full downloads, Application Programming Interface (API) for developers, Data Tools, etc 6
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features http: //data. worldbank. org 7
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Open Data By Country » View profiles for over 200 economies By Topic » See key indicators for a variety of topics Indicators » View and download data for over 2, 000 indicators in four languages World data. Bank <http: //data. worldbank. org> » “Slice and dice” the data Data Catalog » Lists all of the open data sources of the World Bank 8
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Open Tools 9
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Open Tools Data. Finder 2. 0: i. Phone, i. Pod touch, i. Pad 10
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Chart an indicator 11
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features “Mash-ups” – Mapping Indicators + Geocoding Projects 12
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Data Visualizer – see changes of data over time 13
The World Bank 1. The World Bank Experience; b) Current Features Keep site dynamic – innovative competitions 14
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; a) Statistical Capacity WB: Statistical Capacity Index Available for Developing Countries 15
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; a) Statistical Capacity WB: Statistical Capacity Index 2009, Middle Income Countries World Bank Statistical Capacity Index, 2009 86 Colombia Peru 86 Philippines Russia 86 Poland India 83 Thailand Turkey 83 Egypt South Africa 82 Pakistan 80 82 Indonesia 79 82 Argentina 79 82 Malaysia 77 78 81 Brazil 93 88 71 Romania Chile Tunisia 64 Jordan 61 Vietnam 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 16
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; a) Statistical Capacity IMF: Special & General Data Dissemination Standards SDDS MNA Subscription Countries Country SDDS Specifications Met Tunisia 06/20/2001 Egypt 01/31/2005 Morocco 12/15/2005 Jordan 01/28/2010 GDDS MNA Participating Countries Country Metadata Posted on DSBB Kuwait 05/22/2000 Yemen 04/26/2001 Oman 06/17/2002 Lebanon 01/16/2003 Qatar 12/30/2005 West Bank/Gaza 03/13/2006 Syria 12/12/2007 Saudi Arabia 03/04/2008 UAE 07/31/2008 Bahrain 08/29/2008 Algeria 04/21/2009 Libya 12/07/2009 Iraq 12/15/2009 17
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; b) Data Access - Issues Data Access versus Confidentiality ACCESS • Informed policy design (Impact Assessment for reform) Need to know how many people are in target group, their characteristics • Increase Transparency Leads to higher credibility CONFIDENTIALITY • Keeping confidentiality is important in several perspectives Ethical, legal (agencies are required to strive for a favorable balance for risks and harms for survey respondents) Important for willingness of participants to share confidential information • Verify results from other researchers Fosters an open research community, sheds Pragmatic point of view light on questions not in mind when gathering data • Promote new research w/o requiring new data collection Increases the value of data already collected 18
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; b) Data Access - Issues Striking a Balance Between Access, Confidentiality & Data Quality Methodologies are available to minimize risks, such as: • Setting threshold risk (i. e. to individual record, or to entire file). • Removal of: Unique/rare sample data, estimating individual risk, etc to calculate the expected number of re-identifications and the re-identification rate to maximum threshold (except for Business Surveys). • Global re-coding to reduce identification effect. • Goal is a balance between the conflicting objectives of reducing the disclosure risk, and minimizing information loss. 19
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; b) Data Access - Size of the Economy MNA Region has level of publications below level of economic development Graph Source: “U. S. and Them: The Geography of Academic Research”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5152, December 2009. 20
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; b) Data Access – Policy Making Higher Statistical Capacity May Be Associated with Better Governance Effectiveness & Rule of Law Governance Effectiveness Data Sources: WB Statistical Capacity Bulletin Board, and WB Governance Indicators. Rule of Law 21
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; b) Data Access - Foreign Direct Investment Higher level of data availability may have link with FDI 2007 Regional FDI per Capita vs Statistical Capacity Index 200 Europe & Central Asia 180 160 FDI per capita ($) 140 Laticn America & Caribbean 120 100 Middle East & North Africa 80 60 40 Sub-Saharan Africa 20 0 50 55 60 65 Statistical Capacity Index 70 Data Sources: WB Statistical Capacity Bulletin Board, and World Development Indicators. 75 80 22
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination as a Means to Enhancing Data Access The MECOVI Program in Latin America • Household survey data access in Latin America was very limited in the early 1990 s. • High data production but little data access or analysis. • Little regional comparability of data. • Little interaction between statistical offices in the region. 23
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination as a Means to Enhancing Data Access The MECOVI Program in Latin America • The Program lasted 8 years (1996 -2003). • Partnership between the World Bank, The Inter-American Development Bank, and ECLAC. • The program started in Paraguay but expanded quickly to Argentina, Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic. 24
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination as a Means to Enhancing Data Access MECOVI Program Achievements • • • Standardization of questionnaires in the region Several studies and publications Development of regional GPS Modernization/standardization of software in the region (and equipment) Availability of micro data to the public (public institutions, academia, NGOs, researchers) • Introduction of “panel” surveys • Credibility of statistical offices grew • No confidentiality issues / no negative experiences reported 25
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination SEDLAC – Socioeconomic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean SEDLAC: A positive extension of the MECOVI program. 1. A regional database of socio-economic statistics computed from household surveys accessible from the Web (SEDLAC). 2. A database of labor statistics computed from labor surveys (LABLAC). 3. Reports, briefs, maps and other material describing the main patterns and trends in poverty, inequality, and other indicators in the region. 4. Research on poverty and other social and labor issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. 26
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination SEDLAC – Socioeconomic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean 27
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination SEDLAC – Socioeconomic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean 28
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination SEDLAC – Socioeconomic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean 29
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; c) Example of Regional Coordination SEDLAC – Socioeconomic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean 30
The World Bank 2. Applications to MNA Countries; d) Options for Better Data Access Several Options for Better Data Access Arab Region Countries • Define a regional (or sub-regional) procedure for data access, including microdata [public and private researchers] (? ? ? ) • Share microdata with reliable partners for assessment of National Public / Economic Policies and Plans (? ? ? ) • Could Arab Region Countries introduce a regional / sub-regional effort, such as the MECOVI experience (? ? ? ) 31
The World Bank Thank You For Your Attention Website links Open Data Initiative http: //data. worldbank. org IMF Data Standards Website http: //dsbb. imf. org Bulletin Board for Statistical Capacity Building http: //bbsc. worldbank. org MECOVI Program http: //go. worldbank. org/ZIFHV 0 LK 00 SEDLAC Program http: //sedlac. econo. unlp. edu. ar/eng 32
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