The World Agroforestry Centres commitment to low emission

The World Agroforestry Centre’s commitment to low emission land use planning – What has been learnt? Suyanto, Andre Ekadinata and Sonya Dewi On behalf of LUMEN team (ICRAF)

Commitment from the Indonesian government Ø Biggest emission in Indonesia comes from land-based sector (SNC 2010). Indonesia’s 2005 per capita emissions (7. 9 t CO 2). Ø Emission is reduced as much as 26% by 2020 with independent through unilateral programme and 41% with international support Ø Target of 7% economic growth is achieved Ø By Presidential Decree No. 61, signed on 20 September 2011, titled, National Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca/RAN-GRK), all provinces must develop plans to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Rencana Aksi Daerah Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah/RAD-GRK)

The World Agroforestry Centre’s commitment to low emission land use planning • The RAD-GRKs had to be submitted by each district and province to the national government by September 2012, implemented, monitored, evaluated, reported, reviewed and revised • There is an urgent need to strengthen local governments’ capacities and develop simple tools to support negotiation process to develop plan among government, communities, the private sector and civil society • ICRAF has already worked with some district governments to develop a methodology called Land. Use Planning for Low Emissions Development Strategies (LUWES) that links land-cover changes (1990– 2010, with 26 categories of land cover across Indonesia), carbon stocks and economics. Software called Abatement Cost Curve Analysis for REDD (ABACUS) has also been developed that estimates emissions under user-defined zonation, simulates policy scenarios, projects future emissions and analyses opportunity costs. • To be most effective, the methodology will also need extra elements to cover adaptation to climate change, impacts on local climate, maintenance of watersheds and ecological buffers, and sustainable rural livelihoods. The revised version of LUWES has been tentatively titled Land-Use Planning for Development with Multiple Environmental Services (LUMENS).

Sites GE-LAMA-I MACF LAMA-I GE-LAMA-I Par. Ci. Mon LAMA-I

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF Land Use planning for Land-Use Planning for Multiple Environmental Sevices • Framework, guided steps, and tools for local stakeholder to negotiate a land-based development strategy for sustainable landscape. • Accommodate ‘what if’ scenarios and trade-off analyses as a basis for negotiations • Assist the formulation of action planning from negotiation process of multiple stakeholders • Educational tools for concept and application of reducing emission from land-based sectors at the local level

LUMENS FRAMEWORK AND APPLICATION

Government Agreement, Private sectors cooperation, co-investment n o i t a ti ss o g oce e N pr Multiple agenda Environmental services users Farmers, local people

Rights-based approaches A 1. Land use policies, spatial development planning A 2. LU rights (e. g. community forest mngmnt) Livelihoods, provisioning & profitability Drivers Actors/ agents Land use/cover changes Consequences & functions Response/ feedback options Biodiversity, Watershed functions, GHG emissions, Landscape beauty B 2. PES and conditional ES incentives B 1. Incentive structure through policy change (tax, subsidy etc) Economic incentives Van Noordwijk, M. , B. Lusiana, G. Villamor, H. Purnomo, and S. Dewi. 2011. Feedback loops added to four conceptual models linking land change with driving forces and actors. Ecology and Society 16(1): r 1. [online] URL: http: //www. ecologyandsociety. org/vol 16/iss 1/resp 1/

LAND USE PLANNING STEREOTYPE • Top down process • Lack of recognition of ecological processes • Conservation and development are not intergated • Often do not use suitable data & information • Unclear land tenure

LUMENS KEY FEATURES Scientifically sound Simple interface Land Cover 2005 Loss to Degree of Integration of Focal Area (DIFA) Logged over Forest Emission of Carbon Segregation of tree habitat T 1: T 2: 2005 2010 Easy-to-interpret Spatially explicit Scenario simulation 23. 5312. 92 % % DIFA changes between T 1 -T 2 : 12. 61%

LUMENS OBJECTIVES Empowerment of multi-stakeholder negotiation processes for planning sustainability landscapes that can support: livelihoods developments ES maintenance / enhancement

LUMENS PRINCIPLES informed inclusive integrative

LUMENS MODULES PUR Planning Unit Reconciliation QUES Quantification of environmental services TA Trade-off analysis SCIENDO Scenario simulation and development KEY FEATURES • OBJECTIVES • PRINCIPLES • MODULES • SOFTWARE • DEVELOPMENT • I/O

QUES SUB-MODULES Pre-QUES Land use change analysis QUES-C Carbon accounting QUES-H Hydrological assessment QUES-B Biodiversity assessment PUR • QUES • TA • SCIENDO Pos-QUES Cobenefit and interdependency

TA OPPORTUNITY COST “EXPLORE MULTIPLE SCENARIOS” Transition Probability Matrix • NPV as an indicator • Opportunity cost curve • Co-benefit among ES • Costs and benefit of providers vs users of ES FURTHER DEVELOPMENT • I/O tweaks • Regional economy indicators • Food security indicators Land cover opportunity. IDcost curve 1 Undisturbed Forest 4 Timber Plantation 5 Agroforest 6 Estate 8 Cropland 11 Settlement PUR • QUES • TA • SCIENDO NPV ($/ha) 0. 00 4392. 33 1040. 00 4948. 67 25418. 00 5787. 00

LUMEN: BEST PRACTICE Raise local awareness Identify key stakeholders Develop LUMENS software and manualss Develop draft of protocol for Monitoring and Evaluation Working group at district level Test comm. based monitoring Test protocol of M&E Increase local cap. In LUMENS Finalize M&E protocol using participative approach Develop district level strategy Conduct public consultation at district level Collect sec. and prim. data Build strong network at prov. and nat. Finalize comm. Based monitoring Identify relevant regulation, potential stakeholders and initiative Bring lesson learn and preliminary result to province level

Phase 1: Initiating and developing multistakeholder collaboration platform Steering Commit tee Policy Team Technical Team Legalize the mitigation action plan; enforce the monitoring system; provide political support for the mitigation actions §Integrate climate mitigation action plan and its monitoring system into local government structure ; Develop policies to support low carbon development ; Communicate mitigation action plan with the key stakeholders , elites, and leaders Formulate mitigation action plan (including baseline and mitigation target); Design MER system; Develop selected mitigation actions • Stakeholder and institutional mapping • Develop working group structure and function • Outcome mapping approach to build common vision and identify capacity building needs

Workflow in Building Technical Capacity Raise local awareness Identify key stakeholders Develop LUMENS software and manualss Develop draft of protocol for Monitoring and Evaluation Working group at district level Test comm. based monitoring Test protocol of M&E Increase local cap. In LUMENS Finalize M&E protocol using participative approach Develop district level strategy Conduct public consultation at district level Collect sec. and prim. data Build strong network at prov. and nat. Finalize comm. Based monitoring Identify relevant regulation, potential stakeholders and initiative Bring lesson learn and preliminary result to province level

Phase 2: Developing technical competency in land use planning for multiple environmental services • Training in carbon + biodiversity measurement, emission calculation, trade-off analysis, scenario building • Collaborative efforts in data collection • Developing monitoring and evaluation system using local context

Workflow in Building Technical Capacity Raise local awareness Identify key stakeholders Develop LUMENS software and manualss Develop draft of protocol for Monitoring and Evaluation Working group at district level Test comm. based monitoring Test protocol of M&E Increase local cap. In LUMENS Finalize M&E protocol using participative approach Develop district level strategy Conduct public consultation at district level Collect sec. and prim. data Build strong network at prov. and nat. Finalize comm. Based monitoring Identify relevant regulation, potential stakeholders and initiative Bring lesson learn and preliminary result to province level

Phase 3: Develop land use planning strategy • Identified baseline and potential options • Analyze ex-ante impacts • Analyze trade-off • Develop strategy document

Workflow in Building Technical Capacity Raise local awareness Identify key stakeholders Develop LUMENS software and manualss Develop draft of protocol for Monitoring and Evaluation Working group at district level Test comm. based monitoring Test protocol of M&E Increase local cap. In LUMENS Finalize M&E protocol using participative approach Develop district level strategy Conduct public consultation at district level Collect sec. and prim. data Build strong network at prov. and nat. Finalize comm. Based monitoring Identify relevant regulation, potential stakeholders and initiative Bring lesson learn and preliminary result to province level

Phase 4: Share, synergize and mainstream strategy into policy context • Conduct public consultation on land use planning strategy • Seeking synergy with local development plan and other initiatives • Mainstream land use planning strategy into policy discussion

Thank You