The wilderness weather system Case study Weather information

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The wilderness weather system Case study

The wilderness weather system Case study

Weather information ² A national weather service wishes to collect weather information from remote

Weather information ² A national weather service wishes to collect weather information from remote areas to help with weather forecasting, forecast accuracy assessment and climate change modeling. ² Currently, limited collections are made manually by people visiting remote stations every day. § This is expensive and time consuming § Some areas have no coverage because of difficulties of access (no road, heavy snowfall, etc. ) ² The intention therefore is to develop remote automatic collection systems that are connected to a broader weather information system.

Overall system organization WS 1 Satellite information WS 2 WS 3 WS. . Weather

Overall system organization WS 1 Satellite information WS 2 WS 3 WS. . Weather information system Weather data archive WSn Weather radar information

System context for the weather station

System context for the weather station

Weather station characteristics ² Must be self-contained and completely autonomous § § Integral power

Weather station characteristics ² Must be self-contained and completely autonomous § § Integral power supplies and power generation Satellite communications Ruggedized to tolerate extreme weather Self-testing ² May exist in several version for different types of deployment • Highland areas based on wind power • Desert areas based on solar power ² Remote control to support autonomous operation ² Dynamic software re-configuration

Installed instruments ² Anemometer – wind speed measurement ² Barometer – air pressure measurement

Installed instruments ² Anemometer – wind speed measurement ² Barometer – air pressure measurement ² Ground air thermometers ² Rain/precipitation gauge ² Sunshine gauge ² Visibility gauge

Essential system functionality ² Collect weather information from instruments at regular intervals ² Transmit

Essential system functionality ² Collect weather information from instruments at regular intervals ² Transmit this information, on request, to the weather information system over the satellite link ² Store information if communications are not available ² Monitor external conditions and shut down power generation/instruments if threat of damage from extreme weather ² Run regular diagnostic tests to assess overall health of system

Software architecture

Software architecture

System software ² Embedded software but not real-time in the sense that rapid reaction

System software ² Embedded software but not real-time in the sense that rapid reaction to events is required. ² Developed using an object-oriented approach ² OO approach associates objects with the physical entities in the system e. g. § Weather data collection instruments § Power supply and generation § Communications ² Data may be stored as objects ² No requirement for large-scale database

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