THE WATER CYCLE CONCEPTS COVERED IN THIS LESSON

THE WATER CYCLE

CONCEPTS COVERED IN THIS LESSON: 1) The Importance of Water • Earth’s water distribution • Water within living things 2) The Water Cycle • Components: water vapor, icebergs, glaciers, aquifers • Processes: evaporation, freezing, melting, sublimation, deposition, condensation, precipitation, percolation, run-off, transpiration 3) Human Impact on the Water Cycle • Global warming • Deforestation • Climate change

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER • 2/3 rds of the Earth’s surface is ______ water covered in _____. • Earth’s aquatic ecosystems contain more _____biomass (living mass) than its terrestrial ecosystems. Why? Phytoplankton! • Phytoplankton are microscopic producers which are found in _____ huge numbers in the oceans. • 50 of They make more than ___% the Earth’s oxygen ______ gas and form the foundation of marine ______ food webs and ecosystems.

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER • • • EARTH'S WATER DISTRIBUTION 97 is salt water ___% 3 is fresh water (Most is frozen so it is ___% unusable unless it _____. ) melts ____ <1 of fresh water is easily available for use as ___% ground water and surface water.

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER • • WATER WITHIN LIVING THINGS 66 ___% 80 ___% 95 ___% human potato tomato The majority of living things are made up mostly of water _____. The water is necessary to help organisms transport ____ substances within themselves and between themselves and the outside environment.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM Label the components of your diagram. sun clouds water vapor plants What is water vapor? glacier, iceberg land sea, ocean lake, river aquifer Let us have a CLOSER LOOK at some of these components.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • • WATER VAPOR Water vapor is water in its gas ___ state. In this state, water can travel through the atmosphere _____.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds water vapor glacier, iceberg sea, ocean What is a glacier? What is an iceberg? plants land lake, river aquifer Let us have a CLOSER LOOK at some of these components.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • GLACIERS land persistent body of ice on ____ A glacier is a large _____ that forms when the forces that erode _____ it (like melting) do not exceed the forces that create _____ it (like precipitation) over a long period of time (e. g. centuries). Moreno Glacier in Argentina

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • GLACIERS However, many of our glaciers and icecaps have undergone a drastic reduction ____ over the last few decades due to _______. climate change We will examine the effects of this later. Muir Glacier in Alaska

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • • ICEBERGS An iceberg is a large piece of ______ freely floating ice. Often they break off from the main part of a glacier when the glacier _____ melts and cracks. ______ Where is the rest of the iceberg?

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM ICEBERGS That is a long way to jump… Most of an iceberg is below the water! …but wait, it could have been worse.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • When it gets colder the water between the icebergs freeze _____ creating land bridges ______. FUN! ICEBERGS

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds water vapor glacier, iceberg plants land sea, ocean aquifer lake, river What is an aquifer? Let us have a CLOSER LOOK at some of these components.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM AQUIFER How can this water be obtained? • An aquifer is a large underground reservoir _______ (storage area) for fresh ____ water.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM Aquifers can be accessed by making water pumps. Aquifers can be accessed by making wells. AQUIFER

in the arrows, and THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM Draw label and define the processes of the water cycle in your chart. sun clouds water vapor plants evaporation glacier, iceberg land sea, ocean lake, river aquifer Now we will examine the processes that TRANSPORT water from one component to the next around the water cycle.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • EVAPORATION Evaporation occurs when water gas state to goes from a liquid _____ to a ___ vapor form water _____.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds water vapor plants evaporation glacier, iceberg land melting freezing sea, ocean aquifer lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM Instantly Frozen – TRY THIS! • Freezing converts water from the liquid _____ state to the solid ____ state. Time Lapse of the Arctic Ice Cap Melting • MELTING and FREEZING Melting converts water from the solid ____ state to the liquid _____ state.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds ion t a water lim b u s vapor on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg land melting freezing plants sea, ocean aquifer lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM SUBLIMATION and DEPOSITION Does hanging wet laundry outside in the winter make sense? What is First the liquid water in the clothes strange about freezes into a solid, then. . . this picture? …the solid water converts directly to a gas and goes into the air. Besides through melting, sublimation is another(but more minor) way that glaciers can shrink in size. • Sublimation converts water from solid state to the g___ as state. the ____

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM SUBLIMATION and DEPOSITION Does hanging wet laundry outside in the winter make sense? Is there a process that reverses this? • • Of Course! Deposition converts water from gas state to the solid the ____ state. Sublimation converts water from solid state to the g___ as state. the ____

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds condensation t a water lim b u s vapor on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg land melting freezing plants sea, ocean aquifer lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • CONDENSATION Why can you see your breath in the winter time but not in the summer time? Condensation converts water in its gas ___ state (water vapor) into its liquid _____ state. • This usually occurs when the vapor is in cold air (or a cold surface) contact with ____ gather into ______ visible causing the vapor to ______ liquid droplets.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds condensation t a watertr lim b u s vapor anspirat plants ion on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg land melting freezing sea, ocean aquifer lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM TRANSPIRATION Why is there water vapor on the inside of this bag? • Transpiration is the release ______ of water vapor from the surface of plants _____. The water transpired from the leaves, then it condensed on the inside surface of the bag.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM TRANSPIRATION What is creating the clouds? The transpired water vapor from the trees creates clouds in this cloud forest. How would the loss of trees affect the water cycle in this cloud forest? The loss of trees would lead to less transpiration, less clouds and less rain.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds condensation precipitation n o i t a watertr m i l b u s vapor anspirat plants ion on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg land melting freezing sea, ocean aquifer lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM PRECIPITATION Guess these types of precipitation. snow rain hail sleet Big Hail!

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM snow • PRECIPITATION Precipitation occurs when small water droplets _______ in a gather together to form cloud ______ rain, snow, sleet or hail heavy enough to fall which is _____ to the Earth. hail sleet Big Hail!

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds condensation precipitation n o i t a watertr m i l b u s vapor anspirat plants ion on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg melting freezing percolation land aquifer sea, ocean lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM • • PERCOLATION Hot water is pulled through the coffee grinds due to gravity. Percolation in the water cycle occurs when water is being pulled downwards by gravity ________ through the layers of soil ___. How would deforestation affect percolation? Without plant roots to suck up and hold onto the water, the speed of percolation increases. (This will lead to the removal of nutrients from the upper soil layers which makes it difficult for plants to regrow. )

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds condensation precipitation n o i t a watertr m i l b u s vapor anspirat plants ion on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg melting freezing run-off percolation land aquifer sea, ocean lake, river

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM Soil erosion. Water contamination with industrial or agricultural pollutants. • RUN-OFF Run-off occurs when excess _____ rain water or melt water cannot be absorbed by the soil, and so it overflows _____ on the surface or drains into waterways. What are the negative effects of run-off? Local flooding.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM sun clouds condensation precipitation n o i t a watertr m i l b u s vapor anspirat plants ion on i t i s o dep evaporation glacier, iceberg melting freezing run-off percolation land aquifer sea, ocean The Magic School Bus – The Water Cycle PART 1 lake, river The Magic School Bus – The Water Cycle PART 2

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE • Water and the water cycle is of vital importance to all __ living things on the Earth. human activities • Certain ______ threaten to disrupt ______ this cycle which has drastic ______ consequences for our ecosystems and ourselves. • Let us examine the effects of the following on the water cycle: 1) Global Warming 2) Deforestation 3) Climate Change Even for… Thank goodness for all this water!

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE GLOBAL WARMING • GLOBAL WARMING is the increase _______ of the Earth’s ____ in the atmosphere by temperature due to the trapping of heat greenhouse gases released by human activities. ________ • This has several effects: 1) It Melts Glaciers and Icecaps With less ice and snow, this dark areas on creates more _____ the surface of the planet. 2007 Darkly colored materials, like absorb ocean water and land, ______ heat and lighter colored materials like, ice and snow, reflect _____ heat. 1979 -1981 Arctic Icecap More melting then feeds back into the cycle to create more ____ global warming.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE GLOBAL WARMING • GLOBAL WARMING is the increase _______ of the Earth’s ____ in the atmosphere by temperature due to the trapping of heat greenhouse gases released by human activities. ________ • This has several effects: 2007 1) It Melts Glaciers and Icecaps There are other effects as well… 1979 -1981 Arctic Icecap Polar Bears in Danger

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE GLOBAL WARMING • GLOBAL WARMING is the increase _______ of the Earth’s ____ in the atmosphere by temperature due to the trapping of heat greenhouse gases released by human activities. ________ • This has several effects: thermo = temperature 2) It Effects the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) of the Oceans haline = salt The THC is a major part of what causes ocean currents _______ (massive movements of water) to occur. The THC is driven by the density ______ of the sea water which is influenced by both the temperature ______ and the ____ salt content of the water.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE GLOBAL WARMING • GLOBAL WARMING is the increase _______ of the Earth’s ____ in the atmosphere by temperature due to the trapping of heat greenhouse gases released by human activities. ________ • This has several effects: thermo = temperature 2) It Effects the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) of the Oceans haline = salt As more fresh ____ water is added to the oceans due to the melting ice caps, this salt content, affects the ___ and hence the ______ density , of the ocean water. Without the correct density, the ocean water will not be able to circulate _______ properly, affecting all life on the planet.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE • DEFORESTATION is the removal of a large number oftrees ____ from an area. 1) In drier climates this can lead to roots less _____, ______. Without plant desertification water is held in the topsoil and it becomes dry and blows away Without trees __________. transpiration decreases , which decreases ______ the amount of water vapor, decreasing cloud formation causing less precipitation ______. 2) In wetter climates this can lead to soil erosion Without plant roots _____ anchor the soil, rain can easily to ______ wash the soil away. This soil ends up in waterways leading to the sedimentation of these areas. ______

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE CLIMATE CHANGE • CLIMATE CHANGE is the change of previously stable global patterns of weather. This can affect the water cycle by affecting the amount of precipitation received around the world. ______ • Excessive precipitation floods creates ______. Flooding in Sri Lanka - 2011 • Lack of precipitation droughts creates ____. Record Drought in Horn of Africa - 2011

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Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science Copyright © April 2013 Anh-Thi Tang (a. k. a. Tangstar Science) All rights reserved by author. This document is for personal classroom use only. This entire document, or any parts within, may not be electronically distributed or posted to any website.