THE VIETNAM WAR I mean the Vietnam Conflict

THE VIETNAM WAR I mean the Vietnam Conflict, excuse me not war!

TEACHING THE VIETNAM EXPERIENCE By Tony Miller 11/28/2020 2

Where is Vietnam?

Ho Chi Minh (1890 -1969) Why did USA get involved? � � � "You can kill 10 of my men for every one I kill of yours, yet even at those odds, you will lose and I will win. “ The Wanderer Child of History A Tourist in America? The USA went into the Vietnam to stop the spread of communism. Domino Theory- belief that if one country in SE Asia fell to communism others would follow; would fall like dominoes 11/28/2020 4

Buddhist Immolations: Thich Quang Duc, 1963 11/28/2020 5

Military Coup, November, 1963? 11/28/2020 6

Dwight D. Eisenhower drafted plans to send military advisors into Vietnam in 1958.

John F. Kennedy sent 15, 000 military advisors into South Vietnam.

Lyndon B. Johnson starts escalation and increases troops I Vietnam.

Richard Nixon starts pulling troops out of Vietnam.

Gerald Ford and Vietnam

SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization � The South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an collective defense system (collective security) in Southeast Asia.

THE GULF OF TONKIN � � Gulf of Tonkin Resolution/incident- an American ship was supposedly fired upon by the North Vietnamese; this led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that allowed LBJ to take “any necessary measures” to protect Americans in Vietnam (gave him unlimited powers in escalating the war).

LBJ and Tonkin Gulf, 1964 11/28/2020 14

LBJ’s War 1964 -1968 11/28/2020 15

THE GULF OF TONKIN � Hawks - pro Vietnam War � Doves- Anti-War movement � “Five O’clock War”- also called the “Six O’clock war” depending on your time zone; name given to the war b/c Americans could go home and watch footage of the war every night on the evening news; first war to be “televised” � Napalm, Agent Orange, guerilla warfare

The Air War: Death from Above War destroys 11/28/2020 17

LBJ & the Lottery System � Lottery System- new method of drafting soldiers based on their birthday; all 366 days of the year were put into the “hat” and drawn; young men were drafted in the order in which their birthday was pulled

Anti-War Demonstrations 11/28/2020 19

Escalation, 1965 -1968 11/28/2020 20

Daisy commercial---dove protest

Napalm Girl: Kim Phuc 11/28/2020 22

Phan Thi Kim Phuc: Then and Now 11/28/2020 23

TET Offensive, 1968 11/28/2020 24

The Protests Continue: Coast to Coast 11/28/2020 25

Vietnamization � Vietnamization- process of withdrawing American soldiers from Vietnam and replacing them with newly trained Vietnamese soldiers

My Lai Massacre � On this day in 1968, a platoon of American soldiers brutally kill between 200 and 500 unarmed civilians at My Lai, one of a cluster of small villages located near the northern coast of South Vietnam. (ages 1 -14) 14 Court martials

When War Becomes A Crime 11/28/2020 28

Paris Peace Accords � � Paris Peace Accords The Paris Peace Accords ending the conflict were signed January 27, 1973, and were followed by the withdrawal of the remaining American troops. The terms of the accords called for a complete ceasefire in South Vietnam, allowed North Vietnamese forces to retain the territory they had captured, released US prisoners of war, and called for both sides to find a political solution to the conflict.

Paris Peace Accords of 1973 11/28/2020 30

War Powers Act—limits President � The War Powers Resolution requires the President to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action and forbids armed forces from remaining for more than 60 days, with a further 30 day withdrawal period, without an authorization of the use of military force or a declaration of war. The resolution was passed by two-thirds of Congress, overriding a presidential veto. � Congress declares war not the president. CHECK AND BALANCES

WAR POWERS ACT The passage of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 influenced the foreign policy decisions of future Presidents by — A requiring Supreme Court review of presidential military decisions. B restricting the powers of the President as commander-in-chief. C prohibiting Congress from borrowing money to pay for future wars. D changing the way international treaties are made and ratified.

TELEVISION WAR During the late-1960 s, declining United States' public support for the Vietnam War was linked to — A the Soviet decision to give new technology to South Vietnamese industrialists. B the Vietcong’s deployment and use of modern helicopter gun-ships in Saigon. C the successful Apollo landing of men on the moon in the summer of 1969. D the graphic new coverage of the war provided by television networks.

THE WORD GETS OUT! � Bombing of Cambodia- Nixon ordered the bombings in order to stop supplies along the Ho Chi Minh trail; Caused a huge uproar in the US; Americans were told he was withdrawing troops even though he was expanding the war into Cambodia � Kent State and Jackson State protests- protestors were upset with the Cambodia bombings and protested on campuses across the country; several college students were killed when Nat. Guardsmen opened fire; guardsmen had been called in to restore order on the campuses � � Pentagon Papers- classified documents stolen by Daniel Ellsberg from the Pentagon that contained top secret info about our early involvement in Vietnam; Nixon tried to stop the NY Times from publishing them but the Supreme Court sided with the Times right to “free press”

Kent State, 1970 college 11/28/2020 36

KENT STATE During the Vietnam War, Kent State University students were shot by national guardsmen while protesting United States military actions in — A Cambodia. B Burma. C Japan. D Thailand. �

Fall of Saigon, 1975 11/28/2020 38

Vietnam Memorial 11/28/2020 39

Vietnam Veterans: Long Time Coming; PTSD or Just Pain? 11/28/2020 40

Six Who Served 11/28/2020 41

Clinton’s Recognition, Normalization & Visit 1995 -2000 11/28/2020 42

THE PRESIDENTS POWER IS LIMITED � 26 th amendment- changed the voting age from 21 to 18; Americans argued that if you could fight and die for your country then you should be able to vote (Vietnam) � War Powers Act- passed by Congress over Nixon’s veto to “prevent another Vietnam”; limits the # of days soldiers can be deployed without a Congressional declaration of war

NIXON IN TROUBLE � Visits to China and USSR- Nixon made historic visits to both communist countries � Détente- relaxing of tensions b/t the US and USSR; when the situation b/t both improved � SALT treaties- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties; signed by the US and USSR and limited the # of weapons � � � Watergate- office bldg in Washington DC where the Democratic National Cmte had its headquarters; was burglarized by the “plumbers” who were paid with funds to re -elect Nixon

Nixon in China 11/28/2020 45

NIXON RESIGNS � � � Woodward and Bernstein- two Washington Post reporters that investigated the break-in and were basically responsible for Nixon’s resignation- Nixon is the only president in our history to resign; did so in August of 1974 Pardon- to drop criminal charges against someone; Ford pardoned Nixon which ruined his chance in the next election

Watergate

A Crook?

The Tapes

Impeachable Offenses 1) 2) 3) 4) Conspiracy to Obstruct Justice Abuse of Power Contempt of Congress Unconstitutional Bombing of Cambodia

Resignation

Farewell

Gerald R. Ford (Leslie King)

Resurrection II

Death

ESCALATION Which of the following congressional actions, passed during the Vietnam conflict, gave President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to send troops to Vietnam without a declaration of war? A The Treaty of Versailles B The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution C The Atlantic Charter D The War Powers Act of 1973 �

TELEVISION WAR During the late-1960 s, declining United States' public support for the Vietnam War was linked to — A the Soviet decision to give new technology to South Vietnamese industrialists. B the Vietcong’s deployment and use of modern helicopter gun-ships in Saigon. C the successful Apollo landing of men on the moon in the summer of 1969. D the graphic new coverage of the war provided by television networks.