THE VACCINE CONTROVERSY Presented by Joseph Goodfellow WHAT

THE VACCINE CONTROVERSY Presented by: Joseph Goodfellow

WHAT ARE VACCINES? “A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. ”

History q Smallpox vaccine introduced in 1798 q Diphtheria antitoxin q Tuberculin (1890) q By the 1950 s q Diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus and smallpox q By mid-1980 s q many vaccines have been added q Universal Immunization Programme

Present Day • Vaccination schedule • CDC recommends 28 doses of 10 vaccines for children ages 0 -6 • Mandatory school vaccinations • Exemptions

ACIP’S VACCINE RECOMMENDATIONS • Anthrax • Influenza • Tdap/Td • BCG • Japanese Encephalitis • Typhoid • DTa. P • MMR • Varicella • Hepatitis A • Meningococcal (chickenpox) • Hepatitis B • Pneumgococcal • Yellow Fever • Hib • Smallpox • Shingles • DTP • Rotavirus • HPV

Vaccine Effectiveness • Rubella • 12. 5 million cases during 1964 -65 epidemic • In 2004, there were 9 cases • Measles • 3 million cases up till 1963 • > 90% of children were diagnosed by age 15 • In 2002, there were 44 cases • Diphtheria • Approx. 200, 000 cases in 1920 • In 2002, there was 1 case • Hib • 20, 000 cases per year (before 1985) • In 2002, there were 34 cases

SO WHAT’S THE CONTROVERSY? Some believe there are flaws with vaccines Issues that are being raised threaten the belief system that our conventional health care system is predicated upon “Vaccines are the cause of chronic, debilitating and, in many ways, painful immunologic and neurological disorders. ”

CONTROVERSY CON’T… Diseases haven’t disappeared More than 350, 000 cases of measles were reported from around the world in 2011 Vaccine-preventable diseases haven’t been totally erased Smallpox

CONTROVERSY CON’T. . Is it better to be naturally infected rather than vaccinated?

CONCERNS WITH AUTISM In 2002, 1 in 68 children were born with ASD An increase in Autism cases Theory that Autism is linked to Vaccines

PROS Vaccines are a preventive measure which is far less costly for governments, health care providers, and the economy than treating victims of the disease after it has appeared The preventable 1989 -91 measles outbreak in the United States, for example, created $100 million in direct medical costs alone Reduce human deaths and suffering

PROS CON’T. . Vaccines can save your child’s life Immunization protects others you care about Immunization protects future generations Saves time and money

Rubella http: //www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index. html

MEASLES

INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS VACCINES

ROTAVIRUS

http: //www. nejm. org/doi/pdf/10. 1056/NEJMc 1100062

WHAT HAPPENS IF WE STOPPED VACCINES? http: //www. cdc. gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop. htm

CON’T… Breakdown in herd immunity Pertussis epidemic Japan, 1974 80% of children were getting the disease Whooping cough outbreak California, 2010 9, 500 cases reported (Most in the last 65 years!)

CON’T… Since the introduction of vaccines; deaths and other preventable-disease related illnesses have been dramatically reduced Has saved millions of dollars for families and health care providers Has prevented epidemics seen in the past

SOURCES http: //jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=209448 http: //www. cdc. gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index. html http: //www. immunizationinfo. org/parents/why-immunize http: //www. cdc. gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism/ http: //vaccines. procon. org/ http: //www. cdc. gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop. htm