The Use of Lunar Resources for Energy Generation

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The Use of Lunar Resources for Energy Generation on the Moon Lunar Resources, Inc.

The Use of Lunar Resources for Energy Generation on the Moon Lunar Resources, Inc. Houston, TX Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 1

Most Critical Needs on the Moon 1. Electrical Energy 2. Electrical Energy 3. Electrical

Most Critical Needs on the Moon 1. Electrical Energy 2. Electrical Energy 3. Electrical Energy Regolith Transport, Lunar Water Extraction, Communication, Life Support, Construction…. ALL REQUIRES ELECTRICAL POWER Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 2

Lunar Electricity Power Requirements • Electrical Power Grid Requirements • Scalable • Deliver electricity

Lunar Electricity Power Requirements • Electrical Power Grid Requirements • Scalable • Deliver electricity to multiple locations • Redundant Systems (Backup Systems) • Low-Cost (Exponential Cost Curve) • Electrical Power Needs • Initial (2024 -2028): 100 k. W to 1 MW • With Time (2035): 10’s to 100’s MW • Far Future (2040+): GW to TW Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 3

Options To Generate Energy on the Moon Power Generation on the Moon Solar Photovoltaics

Options To Generate Energy on the Moon Power Generation on the Moon Solar Photovoltaics Nuclear Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 4

Cost Curve of Earth Transported Power Generation Systems on the Moon Earth PV: Lifetime

Cost Curve of Earth Transported Power Generation Systems on the Moon Earth PV: Lifetime Cost of 1 KW Nuclear: Lifetime Cost of 1 KW $ 4, 900, 000. 00 $ 10, 000. 00 $ 9, 800, 000. 00 $ 4, 800, 000. 00 $ 9, 600, 000. 00 $ 4, 700, 000. 00 $/KW $ 9, 400, 000. 00 $ 9, 200, 000. 00 $ 9, 000. 00 $ 4, 600, 000. 00 $ 4, 500, 000. 00 $ 8, 800, 000. 00 $ 4, 400, 000. 00 $ 8, 600, 000. 00 $ 8, 400, 000. 00 1, 000 100, 000 1, 000 Nuclear $ 9, 763, 495. 00 $ 9, 251, 699. 50 $ 9, 058, 544. 90 $ 9, 039, 352. 40 $ 9, 037, 433. 15 $ 4, 300, 000. 00 1, 000 100, 000 1, 000 Earth PV $ 4, 788, 491. 00 $ 4, 546, 560. 80 $ 4, 521, 592. 32 $ 4, 519, 264. 89 $ 4, 519, 029. 05 Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 5

Problems of Powergrid with a Linear Cost Curve Profile Powergrid Cost for Nuclear and

Problems of Powergrid with a Linear Cost Curve Profile Powergrid Cost for Nuclear and Earth PV • Cost of your first KW produced is same as your last KW produced $ 9, 000, 000 $ 8, 000, 000 $ 7, 000, 000 Power Grid Cost • Cost reduction of lunar products or resources will have a theoretical limit $ 10, 000, 000 $ 6, 000, 000 $ 5, 000, 000 $ 4, 000, 000 $ 3, 000, 000 $ 2, 000, 000 • Limit is a factor of launch cost and cost of manufacturing assets on Earth $ 1, 000, 000 $Nuclear Earth PV 100 $ 976, 349, 500 $ 478, 849, 100 1, 000 $ 9, 251, 699, 500 $ 4, 546, 560, 800 10, 000 $ 90, 585, 449, 000 $ 45, 215, 923, 200 100, 000 $ 903, 935, 240, 000 $ 451, 926, 489, 000 1, 000 $ 9, 037, 433, 150, 000 $ 4, 519, 029, 049, 800 Cheaper to make products on Earth! Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 6

How to Develop a (near) Exponential Cost Curve • Eliminate launch (after initial launch)

How to Develop a (near) Exponential Cost Curve • Eliminate launch (after initial launch) • Utilize Lunar Resources • Leverage In-Situ Environment • Make the Lunar Power Grid In-Situ Lunar Resources, Inc. was established to develop, deploy and operate the technology to enable for an exponential electrical power grid cost curve on the Moon Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 7

Available In-Situ Lunar Resources Lunar Element Resources O Si Ti Al Cr Fe Mn

Available In-Situ Lunar Resources Lunar Element Resources O Si Ti Al Cr Fe Mn Mg Ca Na K P S 42. 3107668 19. 725546 4. 674852 7. 1978 0. 20526 11. 89269 0. 154892 4. 703712 8. 504811 0. 3486742 0. 132824 0. 028172 0. 12 Lunar Environment • The Moon has a Unique Ultra-High Vacuum Environment • Lunar Day: 10 x 10 -10 Tor • Lunar Night: 10 x 10 -12 Tor • Solar • Average Power Sq. Meter: 1368 W Si + Al/Fe/Ca + High Vacuum + Solar Energy = Photovoltaic Power Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 8

Production of Solar Cell on the Moon Resource Extraction/Refinement Molten Regolith Electrolysis In-Situ Solar

Production of Solar Cell on the Moon Resource Extraction/Refinement Molten Regolith Electrolysis In-Situ Solar Cell Vacuum Vapor Deposition Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 9

Lunar In-Situ Solar Cells • Substrate - Melted Regolith ‘Glass’ • Bottom Electrode –

Lunar In-Situ Solar Cells • Substrate - Melted Regolith ‘Glass’ • Bottom Electrode – Al • Silicon – co-doped • Metallization - Top Electrode - Al - Evaporation through contact mask (electrode pattern) • Anti-reflection Coating - Ti. O 2 , Si. O 2, or evap. Regolith • Cell Interconnects/Power Grid - Thin film metals (Al, Fe, Ca…. ) Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 10

Lunar Resources Lunar Deposition Rover • Mechanized Thin Film Growth Facility • Mass: 200

Lunar Resources Lunar Deposition Rover • Mechanized Thin Film Growth Facility • Mass: 200 kg • Thermal Energy to melt regolith and vaporize elements • PV panels for motive/control power • Continuous lay-out of cells on lunar surface • Pre-loaded with initial amount of raw materials Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 11

Lunar Resources Molten Regolith Electrolysis Facility • Regolith Processing Facility: Si and Metals Extractor

Lunar Resources Molten Regolith Electrolysis Facility • Regolith Processing Facility: Si and Metals Extractor • Mass: ~ 150 kg • Regolith scoop • Solar thermal and electric heat (connect to solar cell field) Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 12

Lunar Resources Surface Asset Architecture Lunar Resources Power Asset Profile LR Power Architecture Power

Lunar Resources Surface Asset Architecture Lunar Resources Power Asset Profile LR Power Architecture Power Production 20, 000 • Architecture Lifetime: ~10 Years • Scalable Power Grid • Construct Localized and Central Powergrid • High Power Output • Exponential Cost Curve KW Production In-Situ • Total Mass: <500 kg 18, 000 5 Year Annual Power Output: 16, 000 9. 3 MW (Polar) / 3. 7 MW (Equatorial) 14, 000 12, 000 10, 000 8, 000 6, 000 4, 000 2, 000 Polar Equitorial 1 633 250 2 1, 894 748 3 3, 777 1, 492 Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 4 6, 279 2, 481 5 9, 393 3, 711 6 13, 116 5, 182 7 17, 441 6, 890 13

Cost Curve of In-Situ Lunar Power Grid In-Situ Polar: Lifetime Cost of 1 KW

Cost Curve of In-Situ Lunar Power Grid In-Situ Polar: Lifetime Cost of 1 KW $ 500, 000. 00 $ 450, 000. 00 $ 400, 000. 00 $ 350, 000. 00 $ 300, 000. 00 $/KW In-Situ Equatorial: Lifetime Cost of 1 KW $ 250, 000. 00 $ 200, 000. 00 $ 150, 000. 00 $ 100, 000. 00 $ 50, 000. 00 $In-Situ Equitorial 100 $ 458, 647. 50 1, 000 $ 45, 864. 75 10, 000 $ 6, 489. 65 100, 000 $ 3, 696. 08 1, 000 $ 3, 439. 14 $In-Situ Polar 100 $ 458, 647. 50 1, 000 $ 45, 864. 75 10, 000 $ 5, 018. 40 100, 000 $ 2, 335. 10 1, 000 $ 2, 078. 11 Building blocks for a sustainable Lunar economy Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 14

Lunar Resources, Inc. 5000 Gulf Freeway University of Houston, Technology Bridge Building 4, Suite

Lunar Resources, Inc. 5000 Gulf Freeway University of Houston, Technology Bridge Building 4, Suite 230 Houston, TX 77023 Phone: 646. 455. 8382 Email: Elliot@lunarresources. space or info@lunarresources. space Website: www. lunarresources. space Lunar Resources, Inc. – Proprietary and Confidential Information - © 2018 -2019 15