The Urinary System OVERVIEW https www youtube comwatch

The Urinary System

OVERVIEW https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=lf. GYd 1 wr. Tg. E&list=PLR 6 x. Lyq 3 PY 7 GVj 1 h 5 m. FQ 9 Y 9 m. Mj_jnm. WQ Bozeman n https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=qf. Wx 8 msg. Hq. M n

Function 1. Remove nitrogenous wastes 2. Maintain electrolyte(ions), p. H (acid-base), and fluid balance of What does this mean? blood It regulates the water and salt in the body. So… 3. Homeostatic organ whatever excess we have, 4. Acts as blood filter it helps us get rid of it. 5. Release hormones

Kidneys as Filters • Average kidney filtration rate = 180 liters (50 gal) of blood/day • 178 -179 liters are reabsorbed back into blood

Nitrogenous Wastes urea uric acid ammonia

kidneys Organs of the Urinary System ureters urinary bladder urethra

Check your kidney diagram n Calyx n n n Renal column Medullary pyramid Pelvis Fibrous capsule Renal cortex

Kidney Anatomy renal pelvis ureter renal pyramids renal cortex renal capsule renal medulla

n http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cc 8 s. Uv 2 Sua. Y&feature=related

Nephron = functional unit of kidney nephron Each kidney contains > 1, 000 nephrons. renal artery renal vein Kidney Anatomy

Nephron Functioning blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion urine “refreshed” blood

efferent arteriole afferent arteriole glomerulus artery peritubular capillaries loop of Henle vein Bowman’s capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule collecting duct

Glomerulus DCT renal Each kidney contains over cortex 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting PCT ducts Collecting duct Loop of Henle renal medulla

efferent arteriole afferent arteriole Glomerular Filtration Bowman’s capsule glomerulus Filters blood; proteins can’t pass through

Add ARROWS TO Figure 15 -3: Diagram of a NEPHRON.

Label NEPHRON diagram 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Glomerular capsule Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Cortical radiate artery Cortical radiate vein Arucate artery Arcuate vein Interlobar artery Interlobar vein Loop of Henle (nephron loop) 11. Collecting duct 12. Distal convoluted tubule 13. Proximal convoluted tubule 14. Peritubular capillaries 15. glomerulus 10.

Composition of Glomerular Filtrate (1, 15) • Water • Small Soluble Organic Molecules (i. e. amino acids, glucose) • Mineral Ions

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (13) Reabsorbs: water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium.

Loop of Henle (10) Descending – reabsorbs H 2 O Ascending – reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-

Distal Convoluted Tubule (12) ABSORBS - H 20 Ca++ PO 4 (phosphates) Na+ SECRETES - H+ K+

Collecting Duct (11) Allows for the osmotic reabsorption of water.

Urine Water- 95% Nitrogenous waste: • urea • uric acid • Creatinine (waste product of muscle cell metabolism) Ions: • sodium • potassium • sulfate • phosphate

Urinary Bladder ureters external sphincters internal sphincters Draw & label urethra

Sphincter Muscles on Bladder Internal urethral sphincter: • Smooth muscle • Involuntary control External Urethral sphincter: • Skeletal muscle • Voluntary control

Diuresis When bladder fills with 200 ml of urine, stretch receptors transmit impulses to the CNS and produce a reflex contraction of the bladder (PNS)

Micturition – Distension of the Urinary Bladder voiding; eliminating urine

Urinalysis Why do doctors ask for a urine sample? characteristics: • smell- ammonia-like • p. H- 4. 5 -8, ave 6. 0 • specific gravity– more than 1. 0; ~1. 0011. 003 • color- affected by what we eat: salty foods, vitamins

Odor odor- normal is ammonia-like diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels diabetes insupidus- yucky asparagus---

p. H- range 4. 5 -8 ave 6. 0 vegetarian diet- urine is alkaline protein rich and wheat diet - urine is acidic

Color- pigment is urochrome Yellow color due to metabolic breakdown of hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments) Beets or rhubarb- might give urine a pink or smoky color Vitamins- vitamin C- bright yellow Infection- cloudy

Abnormal Contents of Urine Glucose- when present in urine condition called glycosuria (nonpathological) [glucose not normally found in urine] Indicative of: • Excessive carbohydrate intake • Stress • Diabetes mellitus