The Urinary System Michael Hall University of California

The Urinary System Michael Hall University of California Los Angeles Mannekin Pis

Nephron Collecting Duct Uriniferous tubule

THE RENAL CORPUSCLE HAS: A simple squamous parietal epithelium (PE) which lines Bowmans capsule (BC). A tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus (G) A modified epithelium lining the capillaries (VE) (VE A vascular pole (VP) A urinary pole (UP) UP VP US A urinary space (US) VE PE G BC

Renal Corpuscle Urinary space Filtrate Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Bowman’s capsule Afferent arteriole

Filtration apparatus of renal corpuscle Filtration slit membrane Basal lamina Pedicel Fenestrated endothelium of capillary Podocyte

Pedicels Filtration slit membrane a n i am l l a s a B Fenestrations RBC capillary

The glomerular basement membrane is a size and charge-selective barrier • SIZE: Only proteins below 60, 000 mw can get through the fenestrae and slits • CHARGE: It is anionic (sialoproteins and proteoglycans) Most macromolecules are anionic at neutral p. H, so they are repelled

Proximal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Distal convoluted tubule Descending straight segment Vasa recta Ascending straight segment Thin loop of Henle

Tubules in cortex of kidney microvilli PCT DCT Collecting duct

Tubules in medulla of kidney DCT Thin loops of Henle PCT CD

Macula densa PCT DCT Macula densa Distal convoluted tubule

JG cells Distal tubule Macula densa Glomerular capillaries The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Cells of macula densa sense decreased blood volume/flow ACE from posterior pituitary The role of the JG cells on the permeability of the collecting ducts to water

Changes in osmolarity in blood and urine during urine formation vasa recta

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Blood vessels of the kidney

Renal Blood Supply

Cortex Renal corpuscles Arcuate artery and vein Medulla

Lobule Interlobular arteries

Interlobular arteries

Juxtamedullary nephrons and vasa recta Cortical nephron Juxtamedullary nephron Vasa recta Loop of Henle

Renal papilla

Collecting ducts Papilla Minor calyx

Ureter transitional epithelium

Bladder

Bladder (relaxed) Bladder (stretched) Transitional epithelium

Urethra

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Blood circulation Efferent in kidney juxtamedullary nephrons Afferent IL