THE TUDORS Lady Jane and Elizabeth THE TUDORS

THE TUDORS Lady Jane and Elizabeth

THE TUDORS • The English royal family from the end of The Wars of the Roses (1485) until the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603. • The Wars of the Roses was a fight between two sides of the English royal family, the Plantagenet, who ruled from 1145 -1485. • The Wars went on between 1455 and 1487 and all other reasonable heirs to the English throne died except Henry VII. Plantagenet York Lancaster

HENRY VII • His mother was the great-great granddaughter of King Edward III of England. She was a Lancaster. • His father was the son of the French princess Catherine of Valois who had been married to the English King Henry V. When Henry V died, she married a Welsh knight named Owen Tudor. • The next king, Henry VI was his half brother. His brother was mentally ill and his weakness allowed grasping relatives to start the War between the family for the throne.

THE TUDORS • When he won the last battle, he married the daughter of Edward IV, the York king. This was he unified the two fighting sides of the family. • It was very important that he leave a strong son as his heir. He had two sons, Arthur and Henry. • Arthur died young- just four months after the marriage. Henry VII+ Elizabeth of York Arthur + Catherine of Aragon Henry+ Catherine of Aragon Mary I

MORE TUDORS Henry (Tudor)VII+ Elizabeth York Arthur Henry Mary + Charles, first Duke of Suffolk Margaret+James IV of Scotland Mary I #2 Frances + Henry Grey Elizabeth I #3 Jane Grey #4 Edward VI #1 James V + Mary of Guise Mary, Queen of Scots #5

HENRY VIII • Henry ended up inheriting the throne when his brother passed, and he was in love with Catherine of Aragon. • His father allowed them to petition the pope to allow him to marry his brother’s widow. • They married in 1509. He was six years younger than her. • They only had one child that survived, a daughter, Mary.

HENRY VIII Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Mary I Anne Boleyn Elizabeth I Jane Seymour Edward VI Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Katherine Parr

PROTESTANT REFORMATION • Before 1517, there was basically one kind of Christianity in Europe. Catholicism. • Catholicism is centered in Rome, and led by the Pope. He is seen as the Lord’s representative on Earth and oversees the Holy See, which is basically all of the Catholics in the whole world.

CATHOLICS • The Catholic Church believes that all Catholics must honor the seven sacraments of faith, • The Holy Trinity is the nature of G-d The Madonna, or the Virgin Mary can intercede for us with G-d.

CATHOLICS • The Pope was considered the most powerful man in the world, and his words could put a soul in jeopardy. • Catholics believe that if you cannot be baptized, get communion, have confession or get last rites you will not be able to go to heaven. • If a person gets excommunicated by the pope their salvation is in jeopardy. If a rule gets excommunicated, all of his subjects are in jeopardy.

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH • There was a lot of corruption in the Church • Priests and nuns take vows of celibacy. • There were popes and cardinals in the 1400 s and 1500 s with children and mistresses. • The popes and cardinals lived in luxury and were often the children of the wealthy and powerful. • Many church offices were sold and held only by the wealthy, some men having more than one bishopric. This guy had at least four children by the same woman and made the boys cardinals.

MARTIN LUTHER • He was a Catholic monk and professor who was upset with corruption in the Church, including something called • Indulgences (you can pay a priest, bishop, cardinal or pope to pray to get someone out of purgatory or hell) He wrote a criticism called the 95 Theses and was excommunicated for it. He started the Protestant faith after being excommunicated.

HENRY VIII • He broke with the Church to get annulment so he could get a new bride and a male heir. • He made himself head of Church • Catherine of Aragon was a strong Catholic • Anne and Katherine were strong Protestants

HENRY VIII • He dies, leaving Edward king at nine. • He is a Protestant, raised by Katherine • He has a council of regents. • John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, was the most powerful of these men.

EDWARD VI • Edward was very devoted to the Protestant faith, even berating his older sister for remaining a Catholic, and they were not speaking when he died. • He had been determined to keep England Protestant and not allow it to become Catholic again.

JOHN DUDLEY • With that in mind, Dudley tries to get Edward to marry his first cousin once removed, who is third in line for the throne, and is a protestant. • Her name is Jane Grey. • When it becomes obvious that Edward is very sick and dying, he instead makes her his heir, writing his sisters out of the succession.

JOHN DUDLEY • Dudley cooks up a marriage between Jane and his son, Guilford. • That way he gets his line on the throne and maintains power. • Mary isn’t going to be happy about this.

MARY I • In the mean time, Mary has married her first cousin, Philip , the prince of Spain. • She uses his resources to get back into England.