THE TRUTH ABOUT DRUGS Halucinogens Drugs that cause

THE TRUTH ABOUT DRUGS

Halucinogens Drugs that cause profound distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality, such as ketamine, LSD, mescaline (peyote), PCP, psilocybin, salvia, DMT, and ayahuasca.

stimulants Stimulants are drugs that stimulate the brain and central nervous system, speeding up communication between the two. They usually increase alertness and physical activity. They include amphetamines, cocaine, crack, meth, caffeine

depressants Depressants slow down the activity of the brain and nervous system, slowing down the communication between the two. For medical purposes they can calm nerves, relax muscles and useful for sleeping disorders such as insomnia. Heroin Morphine Codeine Methadone Alcohol

Painkillers- History Opiates originally derived from the opium poppy, have been used for thousands of years for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Most active substance in opium is morphinenamed after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. Widely used painkiller during the American civil war and many veterans became addicted

Painkillers What are painkillers? � Powerful drugs that interfere with the nervous system’s transmission of electrical signals we perceive as pain. Most pain killers also stimulate portions of the brain associated with pleasure The most powerful painkillers are: � Opioids-an This opium like compound. includes codeine, hydrocodone and oxycodone.

Painkillers-Street Names Generic name-codeine Brand name- codeine Street name � Captain Cody � Schoolboy � Loads

Painkillers Street Name Contin. Generic name- Hydrocodone Brand name- Anexsia, Dicodid, Hycodan, Hycomine, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Tussionex, vicodin Street Name- pain killer, Vikes, Hydros

Painkillers Street Name Contin. Generic name- oxycodone Brand name- endodan, endocet, oxycontin, percodan, perocet, roxipirin, roxicet Street name- oxy 80 s, oxycotton, hillbilly heroin

Painkillers- Why are they addictive? Opioid painkillers produce a short-lived euphoria. The body adapts to the presence of the substance. If a person were to stop taking the drug abruptly, withdrawal symptoms occur. Symptoms of withdrawal include: Restlessness � Muscle and bone pain � Insomnia � Diarrhea � Vomiting � Cold flashes � Goose bumps. �

Pain Killers- Mental and Physiological Effects Constipation Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Confusion Addiction Unconsciousness Respiratory depression Increased risk of heart attack Coma death

Pain Killers- Drug Statistics Sales doubled between 1996 and 2000. The sale of painkillers tripled in the same period. Most increase occurs in 12 -17 years old and 18 -25 years old. More then 30, 000 people in Britain were addicted to painkillers in 1999. 320, 000 people in the Netherlands report suffering from severe headaches, many caused by the amount of painkillers they are taking.

Heroin- History Manufactured in 1898 by the Bayer pharmaceutical company of Germany and was marketed to treat tuberculosis as well as a remedy for morphine addiction. Opium was a major problem in the 1850 s, so the solution was to make a less potent and supposedly “non addictive” substitutemorphine. Heroin is derived from morphine and has proven to be even more addicting.

Heroin- What does it look like? In its purest form, a fine white powder. In most cases it is found to be a rose gray, brown or black in color from users diluting it (sugar or caffeine). Can be smoked, injected, or sniffed.

Heroin- Street names Big H H Junk Skag Horse Smack Thunder Nose drops

Heroin Statistics United nations estimates that over 10 million people have used heroin. Out of every 1, 000 opiate users, 2. 6 will die this year. 85% of the worlds production of opium comes from Afghanistan, a 600 million-per-year crop In the U. S. , there are 900, 000 current heroin addicts.

Heroin- Effects Short-term: � Rush, depressed respiration, clouded mental functioning, nausea and vomiting, sedation, hypothermia, coma or death Long-term: � Bad teeth, inflammation of gums, constipation, cold sweats, respiratory illness, introversion, insomnia, depression

Marijuana- History Used to describe the dried flowers, seeds and leaves of the Indian hemp plant. Hashish is a related form of the drug, made from the resins of the Indian hemp plant. Cannabis describes any of the different drugs that come from Indian hemp, including marijuana and hashish Hallucinogen- substance which distorts how the mind perceives the world you live in. THC- tetrahydrocannabinol, the chemical that creates this distortion.

Marijuana- how its used Usually smoked as a cigarette, but may also be smoked in a pipe. Less often it is eaten, or brewed as tea.

Marijuana- street names Pot Herb Ganja Dope Reefer Roach Hemp Texas tea And many more

Marijuana- effects Short-term- rapid heart rate, lack of physical coordination, depression, sleepiness, panic, anxiety. Long-term- suppression of immune system, growth disorders, rapid destruction of lung fibers and lesions to the brain could be permanent, reduction of testosterone in malesincrease in testosterone for females, personality and mood changes, inability to understand things clearly, apathy, and lack of motivation.

Alcohol vs. marijuana One substance Eliminated from the body in a few hours Does not damage the immune system More than 400 known toxins THC stays in the body for months Damages the immune system

Marijuana- statistics 161 million people around the world use marijuana Over 94 million in the U. S. have admitted using it as least once. 2001 - estimated that 2. 6 million users alone 2002 - Mexico produced about 7, 900 metric tons, Columbia produced 4, 000 metric tons. In the U. S. , 10. 5 billion spent in 2002 Next to alcohol, marijuana is the second most common drug found in the bodies of people that die in fatal automobile accidents

Marijuana-gateway drug Because of the tolerance buildup- users consume stronger drugs to achieve the same high. 99. 9% of cocaine users began using a gateway drug like marijuana first.

Crack cocaine- history The word cocaine refers to the drug in a powder form (cocaine) and a crystal form (crack). Crack is heated and smoked whereas cocaine is usually sniffed. Crack is more potent Crack is less expensive 3000 yrs before Christ, ancient Incas in the Andes chewed coca leaves to get their hearts racing and to speed their breathing to counter the effects of living in thin, mountain air

Crack Cocaine History-Contin. Cocaine was first synthesized in 1859, but it was not until the 1880 s that its effects were recognized in the medical community. Drug became popular when John Pemberton included coca leaves as an ingredient in his soft drink “Coca Cola”. In 1912, the U. S. reported 5, 000 cocaine related fatalities in one year and banned it in 1922. Cocaine provided people with energy

Crack-street names 24 -7 Ball Crunch and munch Dice Devil drug Hard rock Electric kool-aid Jelly beans Paste Sleet

Crack- statistics 7. 8 million Americans, ages 12 and older report using crack in 2004. 3. 9% of senior high school students had used crack. This increased 6. 6% for 18 -25 year olds. 2002, 42, 000 emergency hospital visits took place where crack was involved

Crack -effects Short term: Loss of appetite � constricted peripheral blood vessels � increased rate of breathing � intense euphoria � hallucinations � violent behavior � depression � panic, � Long-term irreversible damage to blood vessels of the ear and brain � high blood pressure which can lead to heart attack or stroke, liver, kidney, and lung damage � delirium or psychosis � malnutrition � tooth decay � sexual dysfunction and reproductive damage �

cocaine- history same as crack The word cocaine encompasses the drug in its common powder form (cocaine) and its crystal form (crack). It is extracted from the coca leaves, cocaine was originally developed as a painkiller. It is usually sniffed, with the powder absorbed into the bloodstream through nasal tissues. It can also be ingested or rubbed into other mucous tissues such as the gums

Cocaine- street names Aunt nora Ball Coke Dust Flake Sniff White Tooth sneeze

Cocaine- statistics In 2004, the U. S. had 34. 2 million Americans 12 years of age and older have tried cocaine at least once. 8. 1 % of 12 th graders had used cocaine at some point. In 2002, 199, 198 visits to the emergency departments were reported in which cocaine was involved.

Cocaine-addiction Next to methamphetamine, cocaine creates the greatest psychological dependence of any drug. It stimulates key pleasure centers within the brain and causes extremely heightened euphoria.

Cocaine- victims Babies born to mothers who use the drug during pregnancy. In the U. S. tens of thousands of cocaine exposed babies are born in a year. The effects are premature birth, low-birth weight, stunted growth, birth defects and damage to the brain and nervous system.

Ritalin-history Ritalin is the common name for methylphenidate, classified by the drug enforcement administration as a schedule 2 narcotic- same as cocaine, morphine, amphetamine. Prescription pill for hyperactivity

Ritalin-how it starts Falling behind in school Students are chopping it up and snorting it for faster absorption As the tolerance increases, so does the dosage

Ritalin- what does it look like Small pills with the word “Ciba” engraved on it. It is described as a central nervous system stimulant. However, even the manufacturer does not know how is affects the human body. The powder is also water soluble, making it easy to convert into liquid which can be injected.

Ritalin- street names Diet coke Kiddie cocaine Rids Skittles Smarties

Ritalin- short/long-term effects Short term- loss of appetite, increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, nausea, hallucinations, panic, convulsions, violent behavior. Long-term- irreversible damage to blood vessels of heart and brain. Liver, kidney, and lung damage. Apathy, disorientation, and confused exhaustion. Strong psychological dependence.

Ritalin- leads to other drugs Ritalin users have shown to have the highest percentage of cocaine abuse. Ritalin use can lead users to consume stronger drugs to achieve the same high.

Ritalin-how does it kill High doses of Ritalin lead to similar symptoms as other stimulant abuse, including tremors and muscle twitching, paranoia, a sensation of bugs or worms crawling under their skin. One 17 year old boy, after crushing and snorting Ritalin stayed awake for days. He then went psychotic, killed his parents and severely injured his brothers and sisters with a hatchet. A 14 year old boy on Ritalin beat another boy to death with a baseball bat.

Ecstasy-history Was developed by Merck pharmaceutical in 1912. It is made up of Methyldioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) a psychoactive drug that possessed the same stimulant properties as methamphetamine. Was used by the U. S. army in 1953 for psychological warfare tests and then resurfaced in the 1960 s as a psychotherapy medication to lower inhibition. Began being used as a party drug

Ecstasy- street names Adam E Essence Elephants Snowball Xe Lovers speed Hug

Ecstasy- consequences Smothers the natural alarm signal given out by the body. As a result, after taking the drug, an individual, risks going beyond his physical limitations and endurance. For example, a person on ecstasy may not realize that he has become overheated and can faint or even die of heatstroke.

Ecstasy- effects Short term- impaired judgment, confusion, sleep problems, drug cravings, muscle tension, blurred vision, false sense of affection Long term- long lasting brain damage, hemorrhaging, convulsions, death, damage to portions of the brain that regulate critical functions such as learning, sleep and emotions.

Ecstasy- addiction Does not contain the addictive ingredients, but is still very harmful. The dose must be increased immensely to achieve the same high. Most users abuse other drugs to help cope with the “downer time” False feeling of only feeling good when using the drug leads to more drug abuse.

Ecstasy- killer A dangerous drug that may cause death. Drivers have started to float behind the wheel, loosing control and killing themselves or others on the highway.

Crystal meth Crystal meth is short for crystal methamphetamine. It is just one form of the drug of the methamphetamine. Inexpensive and easy to produce, making it affordable and readily available Most commonly used as a club drug Man made chemical Made using various forms of amphetamine (stimulant drugs). Common pills such as cold remedies are often used as the base product Used in WWII to keep troops awake. High doses were given to kamikaze pilots before their suicide missions.

Meth continued The drugs are extracted and then combined with deadly ingredients like battery acid, drain cleaner, lantern fuel, and antifreeze to increase its strength.

Crystal meth-what is looks like Crystalline white powder that is odorless, bitter -tasting and it dissolves easily in water or alcohol. Can be snorted, smoked or injected Comes in clear chunky crystals resembling ice and is most commonly smoked

Crystal meth-street names Brown Crank Ice Redneck cocaine Speed Yaba Tick tick Chicken feed

Meth-statistics Worldwide production of amphetamine-type stimulants at 500 tons a year, with more than 40 million people having used them in the past 12 months. In the U. S. more than 12 million people over the age of 12 used methamphetamines in 2004. More than 6% of American high school seniors had reported lifetime use of meth in 2004

Meth-effects Short term- loss of apetite, increased heart rate, dialtion of pupils, disturbed sleep patterns, nausea, violent behavior, panic and psychosis Long term- irreversible damage to blood vessels of the heart and brain, high blood pressure leading to heart attack, strokes and death, liver, kidney and lung damage, severe tooth decay, depression, damage to brain similar to Alzheimer's disease

Meth-stages Stage 1 - the rush- heart beat races and blood pressure and pulse soar. This can last for 30 min Stage 2 - the high- feeling of aggression and becoming argumentive. Also, becoming fixated on chores or items. Ex repeatedly cleaning the same window for several hours. High can last 4 -16 hrs Stage 3 -binge- uncontrollable use of drugs or alcohol to keep the high. Last between 3 -15 days

Meth-stages continued Stage 4 -tweaking- a condition reached at the end of a drug binge when methamphetamine no longer provides a rush or a high. Abuser loosed a sense of identity and intense itching can occur. Stage 5 - the crash- body shuts down and there is a long period of sleep. Can last one to three days. Stage 6 - meth hangover- abuser returns in a deteriorated state, starved, dehydrated, and exhausted

Meth-stages continued Stage 7 -withdrawl- often 30 to 90 days can pass after the last drug use before the abuser realizes that he is in withdrawal. Depression leads to suicide. 93% of abusers abuse meth after treatment

LSD- What is it LSD is one of the most potent, mood-changing chemicals. Manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. Produced in crystal form. LSD is colorless, odorless, and has a slightly bitter taste.

LSD-continued Albert hofmann, a chemist working for sandoz pharmaceutical synthesized LSD for the first time in 1938, in Basel, Switzerland, while looking for a blood stimulant. He accidently consumed some of it and hallucinated. Was used in experiments by psychologist and military forces. Was banned from the U. S. in 1967

LSD-Street Names Battery acid Boomers Doses Hippie Pane Superman Tab Zen Yellow sunshine

LSD-Risks Effects of LSD are unpredictable First effects happen 30 -90 min after taking the drug. Extreme changes in mood anywhere from a spaced-out bliss to intense terror.

LSD-Physical/Mental effects Physical- dilated pupils, higher or lower body temperature, sweating or chills, loss of apetite, dry mouth, tremors Mental effects- delusions, visual hallucinations, impaired depth perception, terrifying thoughts and feelings, severe depression or psychosis

LSD-statistics 2004 - an estimated 23. 4 million Americans over age 12 had used LSD at least once in their lifetime. 13. 6% of seniors had experimented with LSD at least once.