The Travels of the Apostle Paul Understanding the

The Travels of the Apostle Paul Understanding the context of Paul’s epistles from Acts Rev. 2. 1 This tool has been developed for study purposes only and is freely available. Please do not attempt to modify it. Comments and suggestions are welcome at steveaarononline. com. Please see the bibliography for any sources used. Developed by Steve Aaron 2014 ©

Bibliography Section ? Contents Three Taverns Forum of Appius Berea Neapolis Amphipodis Apollonia Biblical SAMOTHRACE Reference Epistles Troas MYSIA Assos 1. Paul’s Conversion and Early Travels Nicopolis Acts 9: 1 -12: 25 2. Paul’s First Missionary Journey Cenchreae Acts 13: 1 -15: 35 A GI Y HR Mitylene Chios Samos 3. Paul’s Second Missionary Journey P 4. Paul’s Third Missionary Journey Acts 18: 23 -21: 17 Salmone Lasea/Fair Havens - AD 33 -46 Galatians Lystra Colossae Cos Cnidus Acts 15: 36 -18: 22 Patara Dates AD 46 -49 Derbe 1 -2 Thessalonians AD 49 -52 Attalia Myra Seleucia 1 -2 Cor; Rom. Salamis AD 52 -57 Cauda 5. Paul’s Imprisonment Journey Acts 21: 18 -28: 30 Sidon Eph; Phil; Col; Phm. AD 57 -62 Tyre Ptolemais 6. Paul’s Final Travels - 1 -2 Timothy, Titus Other Views Paul’s Missionary Journeys Combined Timeline of Paul’s Life Paul’s Companions AD 62 -67*

Paul’s Conversion and Early Travels Home ? Three Taverns Forum of Appius Berea Neapolis Amphipodis Apollonia SAMOTHRACE Troas MYSIA Assos Nicopolis A GI Y HR Mitylene P Chios Cenchreae Samos Cos Saul ministers in Cnidus Patara Lasea/Fair Havens Cauda Salmone Lystra Syria and Cilicia for. Derbe about a Colossae Attalia Myra Acts 11: 25 -26 (Gal. 2: 1) Barnabas finds Saul and brings him to Antioch with Titus. Acts 11: 27 -30 11: 26 (Gal. 2: 1 -2) Famine is prophesied in Judea. Saul and Barnabas bring relief. Seleucia Acts S decade 11: 30 Acts 9: 20 -25 Salamis Saul peaches in Acts Damascus but escapes 12: 25 through the wall after a Acts 9: 30 plot by the Jews. Acts 9: 26 Sidon Gal. 1: 17 Tyre Ptolemais Acts 9: 3 Companions: Barnabas Titus John Mark Acts 9: 26 -31 (Gal. 1: 18) Saul meets Peter and James but is attacked by the Hellenists and flees. Acts 9: 8 Acts 9: 10 -19 Ananias meets Saul and prays for him. Acts 9: 1 -9 Saul meets Jesus on the road to Damascus and is blinded. 36 -45 46 35/36 A. D. 33/34

Paul’s First Missionary Journey Home ? Three Taverns Forum of Appius Berea Neapolis Amphipodis Apollonia SAMOTHRACE Troas MYSIA Assos. Acts 13: 14 -52 Nicopolis Paul preaches in the synagogue two Sabbaths after which Chiosthe Jews revolt. Paul turns to the Gentiles Acts Mitylene Cenchreae Samos Colossae Cnidus Patara Lasea/Fair Havens Cauda Salmone Acts 14: 1 -6 Conflict with Jews. Attempted IA YGstoning R PH Acts 14: 7 Apostles deified. Paul stoned by Jews Acts 13: 51 Acts 14: 6 Acts 13: 1 -3 Paul and Barnabas set apart Acts Lystra Acts 14: 24 Derbe Acts 14: 20 13: 14 25 14: 21 Attalia Acts 14: 26 Myra Acts 13: 13 Acts 13: 4 Seleucia Salamis Acts 13: 5 Acts 13: 6 -12 Paul blinds Elymas, the magician, and the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, believes Acts 15: 2 i Galatians Acts 15: 35 Paul and Barnabas remain in Antioch Acts 15: 30 Sidon S Tyre Ptolemais Acts 15: 4 Acts 15: 1 -29 The Jerusalem Council Companions: Barnabas Judas John Mark Silas 48/49 A. D. 46 -48

Paul’s Second Missionary Journey Home ? Acts 16: 12 -40 Three Taverns Forum of Appius Paul meets Lydia. Paul delivers the slave girl from divination. Paul and Silas are beaten and thrown in jail. After an earthquake the prison is opened. Jailer converted. The magistrates set them free and apologise because they are Roman citizens Acts 17: 1 -10 Berea Many Jews and Gentiles Acts converted at Thessalonica. 17: 10 Jews cause a riot. Paul and Silas flee. Nicopolis Acts 17: 10 -13 Bereans receive the Word. The crowds from Acts 18: 1 Thessalonica riot there too. Paul flees. Cenchreae 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians Acts 16: 12 Neapolis Amphipodis Apollonia Acts 16: 9 -10 Paul has vision Acts 16: 11 to go to Macedonia SAMOTHRACE Acts 16: 78 Acts 17: 1 Troas MYSIA Assos Acts 17: 1415 Acts 16: 6 A GI Y HR Mitylene Acts 18: 19 P Chios Acts 17: 16 -34 Paul reasons with the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers in the Areopagus. Samos Colossae Galatian Cnidus s Patara Acts 18: 1 -11 Paul comes before Acts 18: 1 -11 Gallio dismisses Paul lives and works with the tribunal. Sosthenes Salmone Aquila and Priscilla for 18 Lasea/Fair Havens of the synagogue is months. The Jews reject the beaten. Cauda gospel. Crispus the ruler of the synagogue and his household believe. Many believe. Companions: Silas Aquila Timothy Priscilla Luke i Acts 16: 4 Lystra Attalia Myra Acts 16: 1 Acts 15: 40 Derbe Acts 15: 36 Paul and Barnabas desire to return to Seleucia the churches from the First Missionary Journey Acts 16: 1 -3 Paul meets Timothy and circumcises him Salamis Acts 18: 2122 S Sidon Tyre Ptolemais Acts 18: 22 48/49 A. D. 51

Paul’s Third Missionary Journey Home Three Taverns Forum of Appius 2 Corinthians Rom. 15: 19 Berea Nicopolis Acts 20: 5 Acts 20: 2 -3 Paul stays 3 months in Greece. Jews plot against him. 2 Cor. 9: 35 Acts 20: 7 -12 Neapolis Acts 20: 1 Amphipodis Eutychus falls while Paul SAMOTHRACE Apollonia is preaching. He is raised Acts 20: 6 from the dead. 20: 13 Troas MYSIA Acts 19: 23 -41 20: 2 Acts Assos Demetrius causes a riot in 20: 14 A Ephesus. Paul departs. Mitylene Acts GI 19: 1 Acts 20: 15 Cenchreae Romans ? 2 Cor. 2: 1, 3 RY PH Acts Chios 19: 22 2 Cor. 13: 2 Cos Acts 20: 16 -38 Paul summons and bids farewell to the elders from Ephesus. Lasea/Fair Havens Cauda Samos Lystra Colossae Cnidus Patara Acts 21: 1 Derbe Acts 19: 1 -21 Attalia Paul converts the disciples of John and preaches in Myra Ephesus for 2 -3 years as the church grows. Occult books are burned. Salmone 1 Corinthians Lost Corinthian Letter Acts 16: 1 -3 Paul meets Timothy and circumcises him Acts 18: 23 Paul goes out to strengthen the Seleucia churches he has planted Salamis Acts 21: 3 Acts 21: 7 Acts 21: 8 Acts 21: 1517 Companions: Luke Gaius Sopater Titus Aristarchus, Timothy. Gaius Timothy Erastus Tychicus, Trophimus Acts 21: 4 -6 The disciples beg Tyre Paul not to go to Jerusalem. He stays Ptolemais 7 days. Sidon Acts 21: 8 -14 Paul stays with Phillip. Agabus prophecies that Paul will be arrested in Jerusalem. Paul departs anyway. S 52 53 -55 56 A. D. 57

Home Eph. 6: 21 Col. 1: 1; Acts 28: 16 4: 10 Three Taverns Phm. 23 Forum of Appius 24 Acts 28: 14 Acts 28: 17 -30 15 Paul is kept under house arrest in Rome. He preached and taught the Jewish leaders and all who came to S him for 2 years. Paul’s Imprisonment Journey Neapolis Amphipodis Apollonia Berea SAMOTHRACE Ephesians Troas MYSIA Assos Nicopolis Colossians Philippians P Chios Cenchreae Samos Acts 28: 1112 Cos Acts 27: 1316 Acts 27: 18 -38 The ship is lost at sea for 14 days. Paul says he had a vision that they will all be saved but will lose the ship. Lasea/Fair Havens Cauda Salmone Acts 27: 8 Acts 27: 9 -12 Paul prophecies that they will be caught in a storm but the ship goes out anyway. Lystra Colossae Cnidus Patara Acts 27: 3940 Acts 27: 41 -28: 11 The ship is wrecked on the beach. The soldiers want to kill the prisoners. The centurion stops them wanting to save Paul is bitten by a snake while making a fire but nothing happens. The locals think he is a god. Paul receives favour from Publius, the chief of the island they stay there for 3 months. A GI Y HR Mitylene Philemon Acts 28: 13 ? Acts 27: 7 Derbe Attalia Myra Acts 27: 6 Acts 25: 1 -27: 1 Festus succeeds Felix and Salamis holds another trial for Paul appeals to Caesar. Paul appears before Herod Agrippa when he is Sidon Acts 27: 2 -3 in town. Paul defends himself again. Agrippa Tyre would have freed him but Acts 23: 34 -24: 27 he had appealed to Ptolemais Paul is accused by the Caesar so Paul is sent to council before Felix. He Rome. defends himself. Felix dismisses the court and converses often with Paul, but keeps him in custody for 2 years. Companions: Luke Tychicus Aristarchus Epaphras, Tychicus Mark, Demas Timothy Acts 27: 4 Seleucia 5 Acts 23: 31, 33 Acts 21: 18 -23: 30 Paul meets James and the elders. They encourage him to undergo purification to allay rumours about him. He is attacked by a mob in the temple. The centurion guard arrests him. Paul is given permission and preaches to the people. They reject him and Paul is to be whipped. The tribune finds out he is a Roman citizen and is afraid. Paul then goes before the Jewish council. The Pharisees and Sadducees are divided. The Jews vow to kill him. The plot is discovered and the tribune sends Paul under guard to Caesarea to the governor, Felix. 57 57 -59 60 -62 A. D. 59/60

Paul’s Final Travels Home ? 2 Timothy Three Taverns Forum of Appius Spain 2 Tim. 1: 1617 2 Tim. 4: 11 1 Timothy Rom 15: 24, 28 Berea Phil. 2: 2324 Neapolis Amphipodis SAMOTHRACE Apollonia 1 Tim. 1: 3 2 Tim. 4: 13 Troas MYSIA Assos S Nicopolis 1 Tim. 1: 3 Chios Titus Cenchreae Phm. 1: 22 Samos 2 Tim. 4: 20 Cos P Lystra Colossae 2 Tim. 4: 20 Cnidus Patara Spain A GI Y HR Mitylene Tit. 3: 12 Derbe Attalia Myra Seleucia Tit. 1: 5 Lasea/Fair Havens Cauda Salmone Salamis Sidon Tyre Ptolemais Companions: Timothy Luke Titus *All details on this map are uncertain A. D. 62 -67*

Home Acts 28: 16 Three Taverns Forum of Appius Acts 28: 1415 Paul’s Missionary Journeys Combined 2 Timothy Ephesians Colossians 2 Corinthians Rom. 15: 19 2 Cor. 9: 35 Acts 16: 12 Acts 20: 1 Neapolis Acts Amphipodis 16: 11 SAMOTHRACE Apollonia Acts 17: 1 Acts 20: 6 Troas MYSIA 20: 2 Acts 17: 14 Assos. Acts 20: 13 15 Acts 1 Timothy Philemon Berea Philippians Acts 17: 10 Nicopolis Acts 28: 13 Acts 28: 1112 1 Thessalonians 2 Thessalonians Romans Acts 27: 3940 ? Mitylene 20: 14 Acts 1 20: 15 Chios Acts 18: 19 Acts 20: 5 Acts 18: 1 Cenchreae Corinthians Samos 2 Cor. 2: 1, 3 Titus Acts 27: 1316 Lasea/Fair Havens Cauda Acts 27: 8 Early 1 st MJ 2 nd MJ 3 rd MJ Prison KEY: Colossae Acts 16: 78 Acts 16: 6 Acts IA 19: 1 YG R PH Acts 13: 14 Acts 13: 51 Acts 16: 4 Acts 14: 6 Lystra Acts 16: 1 Acts 18: 23 Acts 14: 20 Acts 15: 40 Acts 11: 26 Derbe. Acts 14: 2425 14: 21 Cos Cnidus Galatians Attalia Acts 27: 4 Acts Patara 5 Myra 14: 26 Acts Seleucia. Acts 21: 1 Acts 13: 4 Acts 27: 6 27: 7 13: 5 Salamis 11: 30 Acts 13: 13 Acts 18: 21 Salmone Acts 15: 2 22 Acts 12: 25 Acts 15: 30 Acts 21: 3 13: 6 Acts 15: 3 9: 26 9: 30 Sidon Gal. 1: 17 Acts 27: 2 Acts 3 Tyre Acts 9: 8 Acts Ptolemais 21: 7 Acts 18: 22 Acts 21: 8 Acts 21: 1523: 31, 33 Acts 17 SHOW: Acts 9: 3 15: 4 2 Cor. 13: 2 +Early +MJ 1 +MJ 2 +MJ 3 +Prison +Epistles A. D. 46 -62

AD 50 -70 Timeline of Paul’s Life (AD 30 -50) Acts 14: 26 -28 Gal. 2: 11 -14 Gal. 1: 17 Acts 9: 23 -28 Gal. 1: 18 -19 2 Cor. 11: 32 -33 Paul’s escape from Damascus and first visit to Jerusalem Acts 9: 1 -22 Gal. 1: 15 Paul’s conversion Gal. 1: 21 Acts 11: 25 -26 2 Cor. 11: 22 -27? Paul lives and ministers in Tarsus [36 -45] Acts 15: 1 -34 Paul lives with Barnabas in Antioch for 1 y Paul goes to the Jerusalem Council Acts 11: 27 -30 Gal. 2: 1 Famine relief visit 14 years 35 30 The date of the crucifixion and Paul’s conversion is uncertain. Crucifixion probably AD 30 (assumed) or 33. There was probably at least a year in between to account for Acts 1 -8. SHOW: Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Seasons Paul appears before proconsul Gallio Acts 18: 11 Galatians 40 45 1 st MJ Acts 13: 1 -14: 26 Historical death of Herod Agrippa (Acts 12: 19 -23). Most probably narrated after the famine relief visit for topical purposes. It seems better to assume that the 3 years in Gal. 1: 18 and the 14 years in Gal. 2: 1 are both counted from Paul’s prominent conversion rather than sequentially. This better fits the rest of the chronology. One of the difficulties with the chronology is fitting the events from conversion to the famine into 14 (or 17) years. Note that ‘inclusive’ reckoning which was common in the ancient world would include even part of a year which allows for shorter periods. Note: Largely uncertain dates for periods are shown with dashed brackets Acts 18: 12 -17 Paul stays 18 m in Corinth 3 years AD + Events + Verses + Epistles + Details Paul stays in Antioch Acts 9: 29 -30 Estimated 1 -5 years for 2, 200 km and stops. Josephus mentions a severe famine @ AD 45 -46. ? 2 Thessalonians Paul’s lives in Arabia (Nabataean kingdom northeast of dead sea) 1 Thessalonians Home 2 nd MJ 50 Acts 15: 36 -18: 22 1 Thes. 2: 2; 3: 1 Phil 4: 15 -16 2 Cor. 11 -7 -9 Estimated 2 years for 4, 500 km and stops before Corinth. Edict of Claudius [AD 41 -54] (Acts 18: 2) probably AD 49. An inscription found dates Gallio as proconsul from July 51 AD to July 52 AD. It is more likely that the Jews took advantage of a new leader to press charges against Paul, thus early in his term.

AD 30 -50 Home Timeline of Paul’s Life (AD 50 -70) Acts 18: 12 -17 1 Cor. 16: 8 Acts 15: 36 -18: 22 60 Acts 21: 18 -28: 30 Acts 18: 23 -21: 17 An inscription found dates Gallio as proconsul from July 51 AD to July 52 AD. It is more likely that the Jews took advantage of a new leader to press charges against Paul, thus early in his term. Estimated 3 -5 years for 4, 300 km and stops. Paul returns in the Spring because the Feast of Unleavened Bread took place on the trip (Acts 20: 6). Consensus is that Festus replaced Felix as governor of Judea in AD 59. Sailing was in Autumn as it had become dangerous because it was after the Day of Atonement (Acts 27: 9) with arrival in the Spring (Acts 28: 11). Martyrdom of James in Jerusalem in AD 62. ? Titus Philippians Romans Imprisonment J 55 Time in Ephesus based on 3 months in Acts 19: 8 added to 2 years on 19: 10 and summarised as 3 years in 20: 31. This could be inclusive reckoning. Further travels in Macedonia and Achaia Paul spends 3 m in Malta after shipwreck 3 rd MJ Paul is re-arrested and executed under Nero Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem Nero commits suicide AD 65 70 Testimony to Paul’s (and Peter’s ) later death somewhere between AD 64 (height of persecution) to AD 67 (Eusebius), probably AD 65, and the evidence of the pastoral letters suggest that he was released from Rome and travelled for some time afterwards. Some of these destinations and people may also have fitted into previous travels. Great fire of Rome in AD 64. begins Nero’s [AD 54 -68] persecution of Christians. Note: Largely uncertain dates for periods are shown with dashed brackets SHOW: Seasons Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter 50 1 Corinthians Galatians 2 Thessalonians 1 Thessalonians 2 nd MJ 2 Corinthians Paul spends 3 m in Greece Paul appears before proconsul Gallio Acts 28: 1 -11 Phil. 1: 25 Phm. 22 1 Timothy Acts 20: 2 -3 Paul in prison in Rome for 2 y Ephesians Colossians Philemon Acts 18: 12 -17 Acts 28: 30 -31 Paul in prison in Caesarea for 2 y 2 Timothy Acts 21: 27 -24: 27 ACTS Paul ministers in Ephesus for 2 -3 Paul stays 18 m in years Corinth Acts 18: 11 + Events + Verses + Epistles + Details

Home Paul’s Companions (AD 33 -48) DATE: 33 -35 Acts 4: 36 Barnabas John Mark Titus Silas (Silvanus) Judas Timothy Luke Jason Aquila Priscilla Crispus Gaius Erastus Aristarchus Tychicus Trophimus So(si)pater Secundus Epaphras Demas Artemas Crescens AD 48 -52 36 Acts 9: 11 X Acts 9: 27 X 45 46 Acts 11: 22, 25 11: 30 X 46 -48 Acts 12: 12 Acts 12: 25 X X ? ? 48 Acts 13: 1, 2, 4, Gal. Acts 7, Acts Gal. Acts 2: 1, 3, 9, 1 15: 22, 25, 43, 46, 50 13: 5, 13 2: 1, 9, 13 15: 2, 12 ; 3 27, 32, 35 14: 12, 14, 20 X X X X

AD 33 -48 Paul’s Companions (AD 48 -52) DATE: 48 -52 Acts 15: 36, Acts 15: 37, 15: 40 16: 1, 3 39 39 Barnabas John Mark Titus Silas (Silvanus) Judas Timothy Luke Jason Aquila Priscilla Crispus Gaius Erastus Aristarchus Tychicus Trophimus So(si)pater Secundus Epaphras Demas Artemas Crescens AD 52 -57 X Acts 16: 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 Acts 16: 19, 2 17: 5, 6, 5, 7, 9 29; 17: 4 Acts 17: 10, 1 Acts 17: 14, 15; 18: 2 5; 18: 5 Acts 18: 8 1 1 2 Acts Thes. 18: 18, 1: 1 3: 2, 6 1: 1 26 X X X X X ?

AD 48 -52 Paul’s Companions (AD 52 -57) DATE: 52 -57 2 Cor. 2: 13; 7: 6, 1 Cor. Acts 2 Cor. Rom. 13, 14; 1: 14 4: 17 9: 6 16: 10 16: 19 19: 22 19: 29 1: 19 16: 3 8: 6, 16, 23; 12: 18 Barnabas John Mark Titus Silas (Silvanus) Judas Timothy Luke Jason Aquila Priscilla Crispus Gaius Erastus Aristarchus Tychicus Trophimus So(si)pater Secundus Epaphras Demas Artemas Crescens AD 57 -67 Rom. 16: 21 Rom. 16: 23 Acts 20: 6, 7, 8, 13, Acts 20: 4 14, 15; 21: 18, 10 -12, 14 -18 X X X X X X X ?

AD 52 -57 DATE: Home Paul’s Companions (AD 57 -67) 57 -59 60 60 -62 62 -67 Acts 27: 11 8, 15, Phil. 2 2 2 Tim. 2 Acts 16, 18, 20, Acts Eph. Col. Phm. Tit. 1: 1; 1: 2, Tim. 21: 29 27, 29; 27: 2 6: 21 1: 7 4: 10 4: 12 4: 14 1: 1 1: 23 1: 24 1: 4 3: 12 2: 19 18; 1: 2 4: 10 4: 11 4: 12 4: 19 4: 20 28: 1, 2, 7, 1 6: 20 0 -16 Barnabas John Mark Titus Silas (Silvanus) Judas Timothy Luke Jason Aquila Priscilla Crispus Gaius Erastus Aristarchus Tychicus Trophimus So(si)pater Secundus Epaphras Demas Artemas Crescens X X X X X X X X X ?

Next Bibliography TIMELINE • CARSON, D. A. & MOO, D. J. 2005. An Introduction to the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. pp. 361 -370, 561 -563, 571 -572, 578 -579, 582 -583. – Very helpful chronology discussion. – Seems to be season-related error top p. 367 regarding stay in Corinth. • GUNDRY, R. H. 1994. A Survey of the New Testament (4 th Ed. ). Grand Rapids: Zondervan. pp. 318 -319. – Basic timeline. • HEMER, C. J. 2001. The Book of Acts in the Setting of Hellenistic History (Gempf, C. ed. ) Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 159 -220, 244 -276. – Very detailed discussion on dates, events and chronology verse by verse with reference to other scholarship. Where scholars were conflicting , Hemer seemed most conclusive. • RAMSAY, W. M. 2001. St. Paul: The Traveler and Roman Citizen (Wilson, M. ed. ). London: Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 48 -49. – Simple timeline but agrees more with Hemer. • STOTT, J. 1994. Men with a Message. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. p. 93. – Basic timeline. Dates do not line up as well as Hemer. Home

Previous MAPS • ESV Study Resources Bibliography – Background map. • NIV Study Bible. 1985. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. pp. 1836. – Final travels of Paul. • HUMPHREYS, M. 1901. Timothy and Titus. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 40 ff. • Final travels of Paul. OTHER • GUNDRY, R. H. 1994. A Survey of the New Testament (4 th Ed. ). Grand Rapids: Zondervan. pp. 352 -353. – Dating of Galatians. • The title painting is (probably) by Valentin de Boulogne (c. 1594 -1632), Saint Paul Writing His Epistles (c. 1618 -20), oil on canvas. • All verses are taken from the ESV translation. Home

Help • This slideshow is best viewed with a screen size of 20” or greater to see the text clearly. • Click on any blue buttons to move between pages. Some pages have animation which is activated with a click. • On the menu you can click on each heading to go to that page. • The ? button takes you to a relevant help page which is specific to the section. Homebutton takes you back to the main menu. • The • If you select optional views or animations in any page they cannot be unselected. If you access another page afterwards, when you return the previous page will be reset. Home

Help • The animation is activated with a click or the enter key. You can go forwards and backwards with page up/down keys or a mouse scroll wheel. The button tells you when you are at the S end of the journey. Another click will start the next journey. • The animation shows the route Paul travelled with the scriptural reference to that route in the small blocks. Larger events are summarised in bigger reference blocks. Some scriptural references are to related verses in the epistles themselves. • Travels not specifically identified in Acts are indicated with dashed orange arrows. These are explicit or implied from the epistles as indicated. • You can hover the pointer over the text references to see the verse in the ESV. • Information buttons take you to detail regarding a specific scholarly issue or debate regarding uncertainty. Chronological issues are resolved on the timeline. i • The approximate dates are incremented on the bottom right. These are explained on the timeline which is also available from the contents page. • The companions who travelled with Paul along each section of a route are listed in the block at the bottom centre and are found in the scriptural references indicated or found in the companion tables which is also available from the contents page. • The Combined Journeys are shown here and are also available from the contents page. Journeys may be selected individually by clicking the relevant buttons. Home

Help • The timeline is in two pages which can be moved backwards and forwards by clicking the blue buttons at the top. Homebutton takes you back to the main menu. • The • You can add information to the timeline by clicking on the buttons at the bottom of the screen. • “EVENTS” lists the major periods or events in Paul’s life. • “VERSES” shows the verses from which that information is sourced • “EPISTLES” shows the letters in the order in which they were written • “DETAIL” shows additional historical information which is used to help estimate the chronology. • The seasons block at the bottom shows the northern hemisphere seasons for one year which is relevant to some of the dates as shown on the timeline. • Periods indicated with dashed brackets implies that the date is uncertain but probably lies between the indicated range. • Verses from books other than Acts are coloured in orange. Back

Help • The companions list has 4 pages which can be moved backwards and forwards chronologically by clicking the blue buttons at the top. Homebutton takes you back to the main menu. • The • This list includes people who are indicated in the text as having been traveling with or sent by Paul. • You can hover the pointer over the text references to see the relevant verses in the ESV. • The colouring of the dates indicates the different periods of Paul’s life and journeys in the same coding as the combined map. • Verses from books other than Acts are coloured in orange. Note that these are placed in the chronology of Acts based on when the epistle was written, not when the events mentioned in the epistle occurred. • Luke is considered a companion of Paul from the start of what are called the “we passages” where the author of Acts starts using the first person in describing events. Whether the author is in fact this Luke, and whether these passages necessarily refer to the author’s presence in the narrative, is debated. Back

Home The Dating of Galatians • There are 2 reasonable possibilities about when Paul wrote the letter to the Galatians. • The first is the “South Galatian” theory which says that he wrote it directly after his first missionary journey from Antioch @AD 49. • The second is the “North Galatian” theory which says that he wrote it during his second missionary journey probably from Ephesus @AD 55. • Support for the North Galatian theory: – The addressees of the letter (1: 2) seem to refer to the Galatian territories which were in the North and not visited until the 2 nd missionary journey. – The letter shows an affinity for the Corinthians and Romans suggesting a later date. – It seems that Paul has visited Galatia twice because he preached to them and then saw their deserting the gospel (1: 6 -9) which must include the 2 nd missionary journey (although he could have heard of this while in Antioch). – This means that the journey to Jerusalem (2: 1) was probably for the council meeting of Acts 15. • Support for the South Galatian theory: – Acts does not say that he visited the northern territories on the 2 nd missionary journey either (Acts 16: 6 -7) which refers better to the southern theory. – The Romans added the southern territories when they made Galatia a province. – Paul consistently uses geographical terms in an imperial sense. – Peter’s incorrect behaviour which Paul rebuked (2: 11 -14) was more likely before the Jerusalem council. – This means that the journey to Jerusalem (2: 1) is probably for famine relief in Acts 11. • The South Galatian theory is more consistent with the evidence. Back 1 MJ Back 2 MJ