THE THR EE FACES O F EVE 1957

THE THR EE FACES O F EVE 1957 Directed by Nunnally Johnson By Waleska Alves & Jefferso n Zamor a

STORYLINE OVERVIEW: In the 1950’s, suffering from headaches and blackouts, a timid housewife Eve White begins seeing a psychiatrist, Dr. Luther. He is shocked when she transforms before his eyes into the spontaneous Eve Black, and diagnoses her as having multiple personalities. It's not long before a third personality, calling herself Jane, also appears as well. Through hypnosis and continued therapy, Luther struggles to help Eve recall the trauma that caused her identity to break.

S R E T C A R A H C - Eve White Ralph White Bonnie Eve Black Dr. Luther Jane Earl

EVE WHITE Eve White is a sweet baffle modest housewife, who is passive and acts under the authority of her husband Ralph. She is a loving mother and tries her best to be a good wife even though deep down she is not truly happy. She shows signs of mental and physical abuse from her husband Ralph. Throughout the movie he talks down to her and even slaps her in response to his frustration of when she has occasional blackouts and her second personality “Eve Black” comes out. Eve White has episodes of amnesia and can never remember what has happened during her temporary blackouts. Eve White’s husband Ralph takes her to psychiatrist Dr. Luther for psychological help.

E T I H W ALPH R Ralph White is a commanding authoritative husband father, who is married to Eve White. He is very narrowminded and set on his ways. He wants to be the one in charge of the household. He gets very bothered when Eve White has her “black outs” and her second personality Eve Black comes out. He doesn’t like how Eve Black won’t listen and likes doing things her own way. He runs away from dealing with Eve White’s personality disorder by leaving her alone under Dr. Luther’s psychiatric care and abandons his daughter Bonnie. He seems to want things to go a certain way but runs away from all his problems.

BONNIE WHITE The young daughter of Eve White and her husband Ralph White. She was the motivation factor of why Eve White wanted to get better. Eve White wanted to overcome her personality disorder in order to be reunited with Bonnie and to be able to live a healthy safe life with her.

EVE BLACK The spirited and young alter personality of Eve White. She is the ID of Eve White. She acts as if she is not tied down with responsibility and acts freely to indulge in her own wishes. Eve Black was capable of seducing any man she wanted to but did not let it go past the point where she would sleep with them. The coming out of Black caused all of White’s problems like losing her family and not having a home. Even though Eve Black was the more promiscuous personality there was still some good in her since she hoped Jane would live in the end.

DOCTOR LUTHER Doctor Luther is a personality psychiatrist who Eve White seeks for help to cure her amnesia and blackouts. He is compassionate and caring towards Eve White and her other personalities. Even though he had never dealt with someone with a multiple personality disorder he never gave up on hoping to find a way to get Eve White back to living a happy stable life. He used psychotherapy and hypnosis as a form to try and understand her disorder and in order to help her overcome it.

JANE This is the lady that nature intended Eve White and Eve Black to be. Jane was very pleasant and did not share the same defeated attitude as Eve White. She was also responsible enough and mentally stable to handle different situations and not act foolish like Eve Black. She is the superego among the characters. She was the sole survivor of the personalities.

EARL Earl is a sweet nice man that Jane ends up meeting/dating. Even though we don’t seem to learn much about him throughout the movie, he seems to love Jane very much because even after Jane tells him she has a personality disorder he still wants to marry her.

ENVIRONMENT The environment that Eve White grew up in seemed to be a loving home, she had a mother a dad and other family members. It didn’t seem like the root of the problem came from her family dynamics because she seemed to have had a nice childhood- the reason why she developed the personality disorder was because of the traumatic event she went through during her childhood (when she was 6), when her grandmother passed away and her mother made her kiss her deadgrandmother. It was a way to help her greiving (a cultural or southern tradition). Even though it was not her parents intention to do any harm she was severely traumatized by this event.

CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR. . . Changes in Eve White’s behavior throughout the movie that showed us there was a distinct problem was when - She went and bought fancy clothes, jewelry, etc and spend a lot of money without telling her husband Ralph White. - She strangled her own daughter Bonnie and then didn’t remember doing it - She would have “blackouts” or amnesia and not remember what happened but she would go out and do things that were unlike her like drinking & smoke cigarettes - Talking back to her husband - Dancing, listening to music, being obnoxious (being free spirited and not caring) These are all changes in her behavior that shows she was not acting like her normal self. Eve White was a very shy and humble wife, who loved her daughter Bonnie, so this was very unusual for her

Changes in Eve White’s Behavior. .

THE AREA OF PSYCH IS…. Psychological: A psychological concept because a psychological event that caused the psychological change in Eve White later on in her life. She had a traumatizing childhood experience of when her grandmother died and her mother made her kiss her goodbye. Even though to her family this did not seem like a big deal, it was psychologically traumatizing to her and she later on discovers this through psychotherapy and hypnosis. Hypnosis is a process by which a person is induced into a trance state where action is partially under control of another person. In the movie Doctor Luther uses hypnosis to get Eve White to remember back what has happened in her childhood and to get to the root of the problem as to why she can’t remember and why she is suffering from the personality disorder.

PSYCHOANALYTICAL (FREUDIAN) Dr. Sigmund Freud’s basic approach to understanding personality - Childhood experiences, repressed erotic feelings, and unconscious conflicts can affect adult behavior

ID, EGO & SUPEREGO Freudian Psychoanalytical Aspect of Personality

ID= in german it means “the it”, the ID contains the basic psychic energy and motivations, often termed and instincts or impulses. The ID operates according to the demands of the pleasure principle. The ID strives solely to satisfy its desires. Pleasure principle: satisfy The operating principle of the ID to According to psychoanalytic theory, the base, inner drives of such people (the ID forces) are pushing them to engage in behaviors--various sexual acts, greed, deception… that are incompatible with their religious beliefs. CLASS: What is an example of this in the movie Three Faces of Eve? ?

ID in The Three Faces of Eve Black is the ID personality of Eve White. She desires a lot of things and she will go to any matter to get it. She is extremely motivated towards what she wants and she is very self-centered. She is the “I want it now” part of the personality. What are some examples in the movie where Eve is the ID in Freud’s psychoanalytical theory?

-In psychoanalytic theory, in German the term “I”, the personality structure that develops to deal with the real world. It is the personality that is conscious and aware of certain situations. It is the “Reality principle ”, it puts things into perspective and solve problems. Throughout life the pleasure-seeking ID constantly struggles with the reality checking ego. Individuals never outgrow the ID, but most adults keep it under control.

EGO IN Three Faces of Eve White is the Ego personality of Eve. She is the reality principle. She has come to realize that she has a personality disorder and she knows that she needs to go to therapy in order to get better. She knows there is a process she needs to get through in order to get better.

-In Freudian Psychoanalytic theory, the personality structure that develops to internalize societal rules and guide goal-seeking behavior toward socially acceptable pursuits. - Freud thought of it as the Over -I (above the I in German ) because it ruled over the Ego or I. - Superego is similar to a conscious, it is what knows what is right. When the Ego and Especially the Superego do not do their job properly, elements of the ID may slip out and be seen. CLASS: How does this relate to The Three Faces of Eve? ? ?

SUPEREGO in The Three Faces of Eve The superego personality in The Three Faces of Eve is the character in the movie Jane. The reason for this being because Jane was the most logical and conscious of the personalities. She had herself the most together out of all three of the personalities. An example of this is that Jane was fully aware of her personality disorder. She was able to explain to Earl why they could not get married because she was battling this disorder and was logical in this situation, she wasn’t selfish and was thinking about Earl and how things would be for him.

Repression is the Ego defense mechanism that pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious. Freud says that the conscious mind could not face overwhelmingly stressful memories. EXAMPLE: Eve White is a perfect example of repression in her childhood when she forgets what really happens when she was age 6 with her dead grandmother. She was scared so she pushed her thoughts back into the unconscious.

REPRESSION IN Three Faces of Eve In the movie, Eve White experiences a traumatic life event when she is 6 years old, her mother forces her to kiss her dead grandmother. Even though her family had no intentions of scarring her for life, she was very shocked and scared by this situation. Out of fear and a defense mechanism, Eve White represses this memory in her childhood and she can’t seem to remember what has happened once she is older. This is the root as to why she ends up having a personality disorder. This traumatizing memory of her childhood pushed it back into her unconscious. Reaction formation: is the process of pushing away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and actions.

Sigmund Freud Introduced the concept that people have defense mechanisms to suppress traumatic events so we can live on ● Denial - which one refuses to acknowledge anxietyprovoking stimuli - rejecting reality ie A person denies that they lost their job and still keeps going even with no pay - Office Space Repression - pushes threatening thoughts to unconsciousness unconsciously your mind chooses to forget something ie yellow trashbags

Sigmund Freud Introduced the concept that people have defense mechanisms to suppress traumatic events so we can live on ● Reaction Formation - pushes away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposites in one’s thoughts and actions ie Hatred toward a group even though you are an active member Projection - anxiety arousing impulses are externalized by placing them onto others ie Displacing hatred by saying they instead of you

Sigmund Freud Introduced the concept that people have defense mechanisms to suppress traumatic events so we can live on Rationalization- in which post-hoc logical explanations are given for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives - justifying your actions ie Office Space TPS reports Regression is a defense mechanism in which one returns to earlier; safer stages in one’s life in order to escape present threats. ie Not talking to your wife when she does not want to say sorry

Sigmund Freud Introduced the concept that people have defense mechanisms to suppress traumatic events so we can live on ● Displacement - in which the target of one’s unconscious fears or desires is shifted away from the true case ie Scolding your wife for having a bad day Sublimation - in which dangerous urges are transformed into positive, socially acceptable motivations ie Exercising - I ran seven miles everyday after work for 3 months

Neo Analytic And ego Aspects of Personality: Identity

Carl G Jung’s Analytic Psychology Mind of psyche (the human spirit) has three parts 1. The Conscious Ego - same as Freud’s ego sense of self and personality

Carl G Jung’s Analytic Psychology Mind of psyche (the human spirit) has three parts 2. The Personal Unconscious - contains thoughts and feelings that are not currently part of consious moments. Ideas that are relevant at the to you but not at the current moment.

Carl G Jung’s Analytic Psychology Mind of psyche (the human spirit) has three parts 3. The Collective Unconscious - deeper level of of unconsciousness and is made up of powerful emotional symbols called archetypes. -Feeling of Deja Vu that is passed down from generation to generation. Memories passed down from our ancestors

Jung also described two major attitudes that can make up to eight different types of personalities. These two attitudes exist in everybody. Extroversion - directing of libido, or psychic energy toward things in the external world. ie very emotional and shows it. care a lot Introversion - directing of libido, or psychic energy toward things in the internal world. ie seeming to look numb when inlove

Alfred Adler Inferiority Complex - an individuals exaggerated feelings of personal incompetence that results from an overwhelming sense of helplessness or some experience that leaves them powerless ie. if you are short you might overemphasize on oversize vehicles

Alfred Adler Superiority Complex - exaggerated arrogance that an individual develops in order to overcome an inferiority complex ie. Calling other people a loser Is Trump being confident or showing a superiority complex?

Karen Horney Believed that if women were brought up in society where men are strong and women are weak then the genders would think that way Eve White displayed a passive style where she was compliant to Ralph White Eve Black

Karen Horney Believed that if women were brought up in society where men are strong and women are weak then the genders would think that way Eve White displayed a passive style where she was compliant to Ralph White. Eve Black displayed an aggressive style that played with people's hearts. Jane was somewhere in the gray with the withdrawn style by adapting to the people around her and not toying with people.

Erikson He believed that personality continues beyond childhood He created Identity Formation and thought it to be a lifelong process

Erikson ● Trust vs Mistrust ● Autonumy vs Shame and Doubt ● Initiative vs Guilt ● Industry vs Inferiority ● Identity vs Role Confusion ● Intimacy vs Isolation ● Generativity vs Stagnation

THEORY OF UNCONSCIOUS (According to Freud) - According to Freud it was apparent that most patients were not consciously in touch with the inner conflicts that caused their observable mental and physical problems. - The unconscious is the portion of the mind inaccessible to usual, conscious thought (Freud, 1913). - Relating back to The Three Faces of Eve, Eve White could not remember what had happened in her childhood back when she was 6 years old. This memory had been stored in her unconscious since she was scared and traumatized by having to kiss her dead grandmother. - Freud suggested that the conscious mind could not face overwhelmingly stressful grisly memories

HYPNOSIS: -Hypnosis: Is a process by which a person is induced into a trance state where action is partially under the control of another person. In Three Faces of Eve Dr. Luther used this as the form of finding the light at the end of the tunnel with Eve White. He would put her in a hypnosis state of being in order to ask her questions about her past in order to learn more about what happened to her in her childhood and for herself to also figure out this as well.

DREAM INTERPRETATION - According to Freud, dreams were a product of the individual’s psyche. He saw dreams as pieces of and hints about the unconscious. Freud called dreams the “royal road” to understanding the unconscious. - In psychoanalytic theory, dreams, are an aspect of psychological experience and are said to have two levels of content- manifest content and latent content. - Manifest content : is what a person remembers and consciously consider. - Latent content: is the underlying hidden meaning Dreams are similar to icebergs-- a little piece floats above the surface but much

HYPERMNESIA: Hypermnesia: refers to a situation in which a later attempt to remember something that yields information that was not reportable on an earlier attempt to remember. IN THE MOVIE: For example Eve White and Dr. Luther had been trying to use hypnosis and therapy to try to recall what had happend to Eve White when she as younge or why she was having this personality disorder. Finally there was enough information that allowed her to remember her childhood when she was 6 years old, a memory that she could not remember before.

HOW DO WE BUILD EVE WHITE UP? ? Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. . .

PLAN - To move Eve White foward I would have her go to therapy to have someone talk to her about how she is feeling and do hypnosis and dream interpretation to try to understand why she has three different personalities. I would have her go to therapy until she is better and not be on her own without any family/friends. She needs a good support group. - What plan would you have to help Eve White? ?