The Thirteen Colonies CICERO 2011 New England Colonies

The Thirteen Colonies CICERO © 2011

New England Colonies • Massachusetts • New Hampshire • Connecticut • Rhode Island CICERO © 2011

Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware CICERO © 2011

Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia CICERO © 2011

Tobacco • When the North American colonists did not find gold, they were forced to find other ways of making money. • In 1613, Virginia colonist John Rolfe harvested the first crop of tobacco to be sold in England. • Virginia tobacco was soon in high demand! • Other colonies in the Chesapeake area found that they too could make huge profits growing tobacco. CICERO © 2011

Indigo • Indigo is a plant from Asia used to make a bluish-purple dye for clothing. • Early colonists found that the climate in the southern region of North America was ideal for cultivating indigo crops. • In southern colonies such as Georgia and South Carolina, Indigo was second only to rice as a cash crop. CICERO © 2011

Rice • Around 1700, colonists discovered that the swampy “low lands” of South Carolina were ideal for rice cultivation. • For the next century, the colony prospered and grew, thanks to this profitable cash crop. • Later, the Georgia colony also prospered from rice cultivation. CICERO © 2011

Cotton • Cotton plants produce a soft, fluffy fiber that can be used to make textiles. • Early colonists learned that the climate and soil in the southern colonies were ideal for growing cotton. • Raw cotton was shipped to England’s textile mills. • The invention of the cotton gin sparked a cotton “boom. ” • By the middle of the 19 th century, the southern economy was almost entirely based on cotton production. CICERO © 2011

Diagrams • Colonial Hardships • Causes of the French and Indian War • Phases of the French and Indian War CICERO © 2011

1 5 2 Colonial Hardship s 4 3 CICERO © 2011 Diagrams

Difficult Climate 5 2 Colonial Hardship s 4 3 CICERO © 2011

Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness 5 Colonial Hardship s 4 3 CICERO © 2011

Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness 5 Colonial Hardship s 4 Disease CICERO © 2011

Difficult Climate Unforgiving wilderness 5 Colonial Hardship s Clashes with American Indians Disease CICERO © 2011

Difficult Climate Rivalry among European Nations Unforgiving wilderness Colonial Hardship s Clashes with American Indians Disease CICERO © 2011 Diagrams

Causes of the French and Indian War Britain and France American Indians Colonists WAR ! CICERO © 2011 Diagrams

Causes of the French and Indian War Britain and France had been competing for centuries. Each wanted to dominate Europe and control as much territory around the world as possible. American Indians Colonists WAR ! CICERO © 2011

Causes of the French and Indian War Britain and France had been competing for centuries. Each wanted to dominate Europe and control as much territory around the world as possible. American Indians Colonists from Virginia and Pennsylvania wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and bring an end to France’s domination of the fur trade. WAR ! CICERO © 2011

Causes of the French and Indian War Britain and France had been competing for centuries. Each wanted to dominate Europe and control as much territory around the world as possible. American Indians in the Ohio Valley wanted to keep the English colonists from spreading farther west. Other American Indians wanted to claim the Ohio Valley for themselves. Colonists from Virginia and Pennsylvania wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and bring an end to France’s domination of the fur trade. WAR ! CICERO © 2011 Diagrams

Phases of the French and Indian War Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 1754 – 1756 – 1758 – 1763 CICERO © 2011 Diagrams

Phases of the French and Indian War Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 1754 – 1756 – 1758 – 1763 • Local actions in North America beginning with Fort Necessity; • Most action is about trying to capture frontier forts; • The British are largely unsuccessful. CICERO © 2011

Phases of the French and Indian War Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 1754 – 1756 – 1758 – 1763 • Local actions in North America beginning with Fort Necessity; • Most action is about trying to capture frontier forts; • The British are largely unsuccessful. • Begins with a real declaration of war (May 15, 1756); • Touches off a true world war (Seven Years War); • Both sides commit more men and resources. CICERO © 2011

Phases of the French and Indian War Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 1754 – 1756 – 1758 – 1763 • Local actions in North America beginning with Fort Necessity; • Most action is about trying to capture frontier forts; • The British are largely unsuccessful. • • • Begins with a real declaration of war (May 18, 1756); • Touches off a true world war (Seven Years War); Britain decides to concentrate on North America; • Britain invests HUGE amounts of money; • Ends with British victory. Both sides commit more men and resources. CICERO © 2011

What Is Wrong With This Picture? The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) CICERO © 2011

What Is Wrong With This Picture? Pilgrim men did not eat together with Pilgrim women at large gatherings. The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) CICERO © 2011

What Is Wrong With This Picture? A Pilgrim house would not have a front porch. Their roofs were made from grass (thatch) and steeply pitched. The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) CICERO © 2011

What Is Wrong With This t Righ. Picture? Pilgrims are often depicted wearing only black and white dress. However, they actually wore brightly colored clothing. The First Thanksgiving by Jennie A. Brownscombe (1914) CICERO © 2011