The Terrestrial Planets Part II The Earth EARTH

The Terrestrial Planets, Part II The Earth

EARTH

Physical Data F Diameter: 12, 756. 3 km F Mass: 5. 976 x 1027 g F Density: 5. 518 g/cm 3 F Rotation Period: 23. 9 hours o F Tilt of Axis: 23. 5 F Surface Temperature: 200 -300 K

Physical Data F Orbital Semi-Major Axis: 1. 49 x 1011 m (1 AU) F Orbital Period: 365. 26 days o F Orbital Inclination: 0 F Orbital Eccentricity: 0. 017 F Satellites: 1 F Magnetic Field: yes

Earth’s Interior

Earth’s Interior MOUNTAIN RANGE RIFFS OCEAN F L OOR T R ENCH CONT I NE NT MANT L E CURR ENT S F Currents in the Mantle Cause Plate Tectonics

Earth’s Surface Continental Drift

Earth’s Surface

Earth’s Atmosphere F 75. 5% Nitrogen F 23. 1% Oxygen F 1. 29% Argon F 1. 7 -0. 06% Water Vapor F 0. 05% Carbon Dioxide F 0. 0013% Neon F 0. 00007% Helium

Earth’s Atmosphere ( I on os phere )

The Ionosphere F 2 F 1 E D F layers combine at night

The Ionosphere F Altitudes of the Ionospheric Layers

The Ionosphere F Reflection of Radio Waves

The Ionosphere F Creation of Ions

Earth’s Magnetic Field F Dipolar Field S S N N F Magnetic South Pole is Located in the Geographic North Pole!

Earth’s Magnetic Field Van Allen Belts F Inner Belt - Positive Protons F Outer Belt - Negative Electrons F e _ p+

Aurorae F From the ground m

Aurorae F From Space From the Space Shuttle The Auroral Oval

Magnetosphere Van Allen Belts gjjikui

The Moon

Earth’s Moon F Average Distance to Earth: 384, 400 km (238, 855 miles) o F Orbital inclination: 5. 1 F Diameter: 3476 km (0. 273 DEarth) F Mass: 7. 35 x 1025 g (0. 0123 MEarth) o F Surface Temperature: -274 F (night) o 266 F (day) F Surface Gravity: 0. 167 Earth’s

The Moon’s Interior

The Moon’s Surface Craters: Older Terrain Maria: Younger Terrain

The Moon’s Surface Mare Orientale F Largest impact crater on the Moon F Has three concentric circular mountain ranges created by the impact