The Systemic Cloud A Map Board For Mapping

The Systemic Cloud A “Map Board” For Mapping Any Territory Presented By: Kelvyn Youngman – Waikato Hospital, New Zealand Date: June 2011 New York

Plan • Clouds & paradigm – personal background • A challenge & the response • How clouds work – Systemic B/C/A logical levels – B-D side characteristics, self-referentiality, & jeopardy – Symptomatic UDE’s & anomaly – C-D’ side characteristics, symptomatic DE’s & resolution • Why clouds work – our sociality • The abductive logic of clouds • Summary © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 3

Acknowledgements • Oded Cohen • Bill Dettmer • Karl Buckridge • Richard Reid • Antoine Van Gelder © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 4

Paradigm • The cloud maps paradigm – What, where, and when, we are not – Also how & why we are not – Otherwise we would already be there – would we not? – We don’t draw clouds of solved problems, we draw clouds of unsolved problems, a cloud is a problem solving device, a cloud is a development of understanding device • There is an underlying (inherent) simplicity in mapping paradigm – There is a context of justification for this – The context of discovery is much more interesting © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 5

Paradigm • Distinguish two varieties of paradigm – Man’s paradigm of thought within the natural world – Man’s paradigm of thought within his own socio-technical world; the modern (business) organization of the last 150 years • Fundamental cloud – singular critical B/C verbalization • Systemic/generic clouds – several B/C verbalizations • Symptomatic clouds – infinite D/D’ verbalizations • Set of rules which encompass all of these – Don’t want to prove, do want to probe © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 6

The Challenge • April 2003 Bill Dettmer challenged me to produce a generic cloud from 3 D/D’ pairs (possibly random) • And I did • How did you do that he said? • I applied some basic rules (heuristics) I replied • These rules are essentially B/C filters – We pay far too much attention to D/D’ and not enough attention to B & C. • And in mis-placed bravado I added; “I’m sure this is how Goldratt does it” © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 7

The Challenge • The [cloud makers] dilemma is of a peculiar sort. He must practice in order to perform the craft components of his job. But to practice has always a double effect. It makes him, on the one hand, more able to do whatever it is he is attempting; and on the other hand, by the phenomenon of habit formation, it makes him less aware of how he does it. after Bateson (1972) pg 138 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 8

The Challenge • I received 3 D/D’ pairs • I applied two filters to these • Here are the filters © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 9

Filter 1: Efrat’s Cloud B D Security A Happiness Satisfaction C D’ • I applied this “filter” to two of the D/D’ pairs as presented • And got sense out of them © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 10

Filter 2: Senge’s Detail/Dynamic B D Details A Success Dynamics C D’ • I applied this to the remaining D/D’ pair, but inverted the pair • And got sense out of it, then built a common B-C-A © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 11

Why Do These Two Filters Work? • They have something in common with one another • They are hierarchical • Satisfaction is predicated by security – We can be secure but not satisfied – But we can not be satisfied and insecure • Dynamics are predicated by the detail – We can know the detail without knowing the dynamics – But we can not know the dynamics without knowing the detail © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 12

Why Do These Two Filters Work? • There is a basic hierarchical structure between B and C • There a several other important common verbalisations that have the same structure • Let’s have a look at some of these © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 13

More B/C Filters B D Local A Global C D’ local actions • The simplest is probably local/global – I had to say it • Global is a function, at the least, of all of the local actions © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 14

More B/C Filters B D Local A Global C D’ local actions • interactions • And maybe, more importantly, also of their interactions © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 15

More B/C Filters B D Parts A Whole C D’ parts • interactions • The other simplest is probably the parts and the whole • The whole is a function of the parts and their interactions © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 16

More B/C Filters B D Parts A Whole C D’ parts • interactions • It is not just the links, but also the linkages © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 17

More B/C Filters B D Short-Term A Long-Term C D’ short-terms • interactions • How about short-term and long-term? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 18

More B/C Filters B D Tactics A Strategy C D’ • It is then just a short step to tactics and strategy © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 19

More B/C Filters B D Tactics A short-term • local actions Strategy C D’ • And what are tactics? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 20

More B/C Filters B D I/me A Us/we C D’ I/me’s • interactions • What then of I/me and Us/we? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 21

More B/C Filters B D I/me A Us/we C D’ I/me’s • interactions • This is an important one © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 22

More B/C Filters B D Administration A task • efficiency Leadership management • aesthetics Management C D’ administration • effectiveness • Let’s build out a bit © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 23

More B/C Filters B D Administration A task • efficiency Leadership management • aesthetics Management C D’ administration • effectiveness • How then do we explain this apparent recurrent hierarchy in these examples between B & C and between C & A? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 24

Explanation – Logical Types • Bertrand Russell – Mathematician, Philosopher • Gregory Bateson – Anthropologist • Michael Polanyi – Physician, Chemist, Philosopher • Russell Ackoff – Philosopher © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 25

Russell/Bateson – Logical Types B Lower Order Logical Type (member) D A C Higher Order Logical Type (class) D’ lower order logical types • “…there is a discontinuity between a class and its members. The class cannot be a member of itself nor can one of the members be the class, since the term used for the class is of a different level of abstraction ‑ a different Logical Type ‑ from terms used for members” Bateson (1972) pg 202 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 26

Russell/Bateson – Logical Types B Lower Order Logical Type (member) D A C Higher Order Logical Type (class) D’ lower order logical types • And “… in matters of control the smaller context can never determine the larger. ” Bateson (1972) pg 202 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 27

Russell/Bateson – Logical Types B Lower Order Logical Type (member) D A C Higher Order Logical Type (class) D’ lower order logical types • When we mistake the name or the rule of the member for the name or the rule of the class we make an error of logical type © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 28

Russell/Bateson – Logical Types B D The Floor A line workers • interactions The Corporation factory • others • interactions The Factory C D’ floor • others • interactions • Floor, Factory, Corporation • Class, member/class, member © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 29

Polanyi – Logical Types B D The Floor A line workers • interactions The Corporation factory • others • interactions The Factory C D’ floor • others • interactions • “… each level is subject to dual control; first by the laws that apply to its elements … second, by the laws that control the comprehensive entity formed by them. … the operations of the higher level cannot be accounted for by the laws governing its particulars forming the lower level. ” Polanyi (1966) pg 36 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 30

Ackoff – Logical Types B D The Floor A line workers • interactions The Corporation factory • others • interactions The Factory C D’ floor • others • interactions • "… the essential properties of any system, the properties that define a system, are properties of the whole which none of its parts have. … the explanation does not lie inside the [entities]; it lies outside of them. " Ackoff (1994) pg 11 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 31

Part Summary B-C-A B D Subset A Superset Set C D’ subsets • interactions • B-C-A have a subset, and superset relationship © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 32

Part Summary B-C-A B D Concrete Personal A Abstract System Concrete System C D’ • B is frequently concrete personal, C is frequently concrete systemic, and A is frequently abstract systemic © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 33

Part Summary B-C-A B D Concrete Personal A Abstract System Concrete System C D’ • We tend to think of the cloud as analytical, in fact parts of it are substantially synthetical © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 34

Part Summary B-C-A B D Concrete Personal A Abstract System Concrete System C D’ • This is the fish hook that makes the much ignored front-end of the cloud work. Hold this in your head • Any questions? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 35

Part Summary B-C-A B D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • How then do we build a cloud? • We load it, UDE, C, A, B – in that order, but why? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 36

Maslow’s 4 Stages of Learning Unconscious Competence B Conscious Competence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ Unconscious Incompetence Conscious Incompetence • Because we “know” D & D’ • And we have an inkling of C, but B is often a mystery to us © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 37

The B-D Side How & Why B What, Where, & When D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • B is our know-how and know-why • D is know-what, know-where, & know-when © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 38

The B-D Side Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • Know-how constitutes our current knowledge • Know-what constitutes our current evidence © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 39

The B-D Side Epistemology B Ontology D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • Our current knowledge constitutes our epistemology • Our current evidence constitutes our ontology © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 40

B-D & Double Binds Epistemology B Ontology D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • “[Man’s] (commonly unconscious) beliefs about what sort of world it is will determine how he sees it and acts within it, and his ways of perceiving and acting will determine his beliefs about its nature. … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 41

B-D & Double Binds Epistemology B Ontology D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • … The living man is thus bound within a net of epistemological and ontological premises which ‑ regardless of ultimate truth or falsity ‑ become partially self‑validating for him. ” Bateson (1972) pg 314 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 42

B-D & Double Binds Sociality Epistemology B Ontology D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • … The living man is thus bound within a net of epistemological and ontological premises which ‑ regardless of ultimate truth or falsity ‑ become partially self‑validating for him. ” Bateson (1972) pg 314 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 43

B-D & Double Binds Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • Consider politics for example • But it gets worse than that © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 44

B-D & Meno’s Paradox (Plato) Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • “… to search for the solution of a problem is an absurdity; for either you know what you are looking for, and then there is no problem; … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 45

B-D & Meno’s Paradox (Plato) Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • … or you do not know what you are looking for, and then you cannot expect to find anything. ” Polanyi (1966) pg 22 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 46

B-D & Double Jeopardy Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • … or you do not know what you are looking for, and then you cannot expect to find anything. ” Polanyi (1966) pg 22 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 47

B-D & Double Jeopardy Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • “Without a double jeopardy you don’t have a cloud” Karl Buckridge © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 48

B-D & Double Jeopardy Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • Current evidence jeopardises new knowledge • Current knowledge jeopardises new evidence © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 49

B-D & Double Jeopardy Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • Consider evidence-based medicine © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 50

B-D & Double Jeopardy Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal Poor Quality Concrete System Excellent Quality A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • Consider quality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 51

B-D & Double Jeopardy Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • This is the paradigmal structure that we are locked into © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 52

B-D & Meno’s Paradox (Plato) Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • “… for two thousand years and more, humanity has progressed through the efforts of people solving problems, while all the time it could be shown that to do this was either meaningless or impossible. ” Polanyi (1966) pg 22 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 53

B-D & Meno’s Paradox (Plato) Sociality Current Knowledge B Current Evidence D Concrete Personal UDE Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ New Knowledge New Evidence • How Come? How do we break out of the binds? • We need to populate D/D’ with some examples © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 54

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality B D Concrete Personal Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • Here we have some symptomatic UDE’s © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 55

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality B D Concrete Personal Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline Concrete System DE A Abstract System C D’ • We must put up with, we must tolerate, we must comply with • Basically, we are forced to … © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 56

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline A Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • Pre-requisites & anti-requisites © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 57

A Common Error Sociality B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Insufficient stock Insufficient capacity Insufficient time A Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • A common error is to enter the presumed UDE or worse … • … my problem is the absence of my preferred solution © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 58

A Common Error Sociality B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline A Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • Remove the error © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 59

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline A More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • What is the solution to the UDE? More of the same • Why? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 60

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • Because this is the side of individual purpose and paradoxically the side of manifest complexity © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 61

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline Anti-requisite More stock More capacity More time Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • B-D is characterised by adding unnecessary dependency and the partitioning of safety – both in time and place © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 62

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Pre-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • We generate anomaly in B-D; things become worse and worse rather than better and better, complexity increases © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 63

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • D and its solution eventually become anti-requisite © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 64

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • How do we get out of this? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 65

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • Inherent simplicity! © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 66

Symptomatic UDE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C DE D’ • “Inherent simplicity is the spark that starts the solution. It is the essence of Sensemaking. ” Steve Holt TOCICO 2010 © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 67

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline • Let’s have a look at the DE’s then © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 68

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C Anti-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Pre-requisite • They are pre-requisite and anti-requisite? • How come? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 69

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality Mechanistic Cause & Effect Independent & Environment-Free Analytical & Reductionist Manifest Complexity A B Concrete Personal Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C Anti-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Pre-requisite • Because we’ve simply ported the problematic solution to another place, we stall as a consequence, another common error © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 70

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Concrete System C Anti-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • The real solutions, our solutions, are counter-intuitive (at first). Why? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 71

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Anti-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • Because this is the side of common purpose and paradoxically the side of inherent simplicity © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 72

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Anti-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • C-D’ is characterised by removing unnecessary dependency and the aggregation of safety – both in time and place © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 73

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Anti-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • We generate resolution in C-D’; things become better and better rather than worse and worse, complexity decreases © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 74

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Pre-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • D’ becomes pre-requisite © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 75

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Pre-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • We have (systemic) resolution of the problem © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 76

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Anti-requisite D Out of stock Bump an order Bump a patient Overrun a deadline More stock More capacity More time Anti-requisite Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Pre-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • The problematic solution is invalid and is removed © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 77

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Pre-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • The problematic solution is invalid and is removed © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 78

Symptomatic DE’s Sociality B Concrete Personal A Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Pre-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • The systemic solution remains, the dilemma is broken, and the problem resolved © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 79

Why Do Clouds Work? Sociality B Concrete Personal A Abstract System Inherent Simplicity Synthetic & Expansionist Interdependent & Environment-Full Systemic Stimulus & Response Concrete System C Pre-requisite In stock Accept an order Accept a patient D’ Underrun a deadline Less stock Less capacity Less time Pre-requisite • That’s all very nice, we now know how to get to this stage, but the question remains, why is this at all possible? Why is it at all expectable? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 80

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ subsets • The cloud means two things to two groups – most often at the same time © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 81

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ subsets • What we can do because of the inherent simplicity of common purpose – usually the present and the past © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 82

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ subsets • What we can’t do because of the manifest complexity of individual purpose – usually the present and the future © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 83

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ subsets • We make errors of logical type when we port the rules from B-D to C-D’ © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 84

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ subsets • But the B-D side always knows something of C somehow • Why is this? Let’s see © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 85

Why Do Clouds Work? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 86

Why Do Clouds Work? • We are social-systemic animals © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 87

Why Do Clouds Work? • We are social-systemic animals • Does anyone know the value of the Dunbar number? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 88

Why Do Clouds Work? • We are social-systemic animals • Does anyone know the value of the Dunbar number? • Can someone explain what it means? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 89

Why Do Clouds Work? • We are social-systemic animals • Does anyone know the value of the Dunbar number? • Can someone explain what it means? • The natural human average group size based upon the ratio of our neocortex size to total brain size, compared to our ape and chimpanzee relatives © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 90

Why Do Clouds Work? • We are social-systemic animals • Does anyone know the value of the Dunbar number? • Can someone explain what it means? • The natural human average group size based upon the ratio of our neocortex size to total brain size, compared to our ape and chimpanzee relatives • Apes and chimpanzees maintain their groups by grooming. Any idea how we maintain ours? © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 91

Why Do Clouds Work? • We are social-systemic animals • Does anyone know the value of the Dunbar number? • Can someone explain what it means? • The natural human average group size based upon the ratio of our neocortex size to total brain size, compared to our ape and chimpanzee relatives • Apes and chimpanzees maintain their groups by grooming. Any idea how we maintain ours? • Gossip © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 92

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Overnight Camp (30 -35 individuals) Linguistic Group A 5 or 6 families Tribe (1500 -2000 individuals) 10 or so clans Clan (150 individuals) C D’ 4 or 5 encampments • Here is a natural set of hierarchies. Clan size of about 150 individuals is the largest permanent group size © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 93

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Overnight Camp (30 -35 individuals) Linguistic Group A 5 or 6 families Tribe (1500 -2000 individuals) 10 or so clans Clan (150 individuals) C D’ 4 or 5 encampments • It is the systemic nature of our biology, built-in through our language, that unconsciously hints to us the role of common purpose © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 94

Why Do Clouds Work? B D Overnight Camp (30 -35 individuals) Linguistic Group A 5 or 6 families Tribe (1500 -2000 individuals) 10 or so clans Clan (150 individuals) C D’ 4 or 5 encampments • And that is the understanding needed for why clouds work © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 95

Home Straight – Abduction B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ • How many different ways have we used it? • The cloud is abductive! © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 96

Home Straight – Abduction B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ • The logic always remains the same, but the story changes – this is abductive logic – as is simile, metaphor, & analogy. • The cloud is a part of the pattern that connects. © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 97

Home Straight – Abduction B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ • We use it to map differences – differences in thought © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 98

Home Straight – Abduction B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ • Clouds work in the cross-over of paradigm, both natural and socio-technical, because we make errors of logical type © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 99

Home Straight – Abduction B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ • We mistake individual purpose for common purpose, we mistake the rules for the parts for the rules for the whole © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 100

Last Word – Col John Boyd/OODA B D Concrete Personal Anomaly Concrete System Resolution A Abstract System C D’ • You can concentrate on your B-D decision cycle, but I will not • To me you are predictable, to you I am not © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 101

Summary 1/2 • The map is not the territory • The territory is not the thing mapped • The thing mapped is our understanding • The cloud allows us to interrogate and develop our understanding of the territory – and that understanding may change • The value is in development of the understanding • There may be incidental value in the final cloud in showing the understanding to someone else © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 102

Summary 2/2 • Systemic clouds work because we are doubly bound within the environment of our recent invention – the socio-technicality of large organizations. • The ability to produce these systems is a product of our sociality • The frequent inability to manage them is a product of our individuality © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 103

Reading List • Gregory Bateson (1979) Mind and nature: a necessary unity. Hampton Press edition (2002), 220 pp. • Michael Polanyi (1966) The tacit dimension. University of Chicago Press edition (2009), 108 pp. • Russell Ackoff (2010) Differences that make a difference. Triarchy Press, 130 pp. • Robin Dunbar (1996) Grooming, gossip and the evolution of language. Harvard University Press, 230 pp. © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 104

About Kelvyn Youngman Dr Youngman is a scientist in the natural sciences who developed an interest in operations management and Theory of Constraints. He has obtained substantial TOC-based improvements in medium-sized private companies in New Zealand large scale publicly-listed companies in Japan. He has a long-standing interest in healthcare and the unique focus and results that TOC brings to it, and currently works throughout a large tertiary hospital. He is the creator and curator of a 750 page website “Introduction To Theory Of Constraints; ” commented upon by one professional as “never have I seen such a precise and practical piece of work. ” Clouds and explicit/tacit knowledge are a special interest within this framework. © Dr Kelvyn Youngman, May 2011 105