The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Civil

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Civil Rights movement of the 1950 s and 1960 s ……. SOL VUS. 14 a Civil. Rights Movement For Racial Equality In The U. S……through Nonviolent Protest.

Still 2 nd class citizens Ø At the end of the W. W. II Black Americans expected equal Treatment. Ø They were determined to improve their status.

Truman desegregates the military in 1948 by executive order.

1896 Plessy v. Ferguson • Established SEPARATE BUT EQUAL. • Jim Crow laws segregated the South.

1954 - Brown overturns Plessy!! • Declared segregation of public schools unconstitutional. • Violated the 14 th amendment-equal protection clause.

The Little Rock Nine attend Central High, protected by United States Army troops sent by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Lawyer Thurgood Marshall and civil rights activist Daisy Bates join several members of the "Little Rock Nine", the first students to integrate Central High School.

"If we can organize the Southern States • for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South. " Senator Harry Flood Byrd of VA launched Massive Resistance.

Virginia responds to Brown • Massive Resistance. Disobeyed the ruling Ø Closing some schools Ø Set up Private academies Ø “White Flight” from urban systems.

Oliver W. Hill: A Civil Rights Lawyer from VA Hill- NAACP Legal Defense Team in Virginia during the Brown Case. Thurgood Marshall. NAACP Lawyer argued the Brown Case before the Supreme Court.

This organization challenged segregation in the courts and demanded equal rights for Black Americans.

"There comes a time when people get tired of being kicked around by the iron feet of oppression. " Rosa Parks 1955 -The Montgomery bus boycott was the first large scale protest for Civil Rights. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led the protest and used nonviolent resistance to achieve equality and desegregation on buses.

Defeating Discrimination

Opposing Viewpoints Dr. King preached non-violence. Malcolm X urged Blacks to fight back when attacked.

MALCOLM X (1925 -1965) Civil Rights Leader

BLACK POWER MOVEMENT Stokely Carmichael Leader of the Black Power Movement. Pride & Leadership

Sit-Ins 1960 Sit-ins - In Greensboro, North Carolina, four black college students sat at a segregated lunch counter. Local police officers arrested the students. The four North Carolina A & T students attempted to desegregate a Woolworth’s lunch counter.

Freedom Riders • In 1961, an interracial group of CORE members and college students from the North traveled by bus down South to test the effectiveness of a 1960 Supreme Court decision which prohibited racial segregation in public places. • In Alabama, the Freedom Riders were attacked and badly beaten.

1963 March on Washington I HAVE A DREAM!! The march helped influence public opinion to support civil rights laws. The power of nonviolent protests.

April-May 1963 “Project C”- Challenged the system of segregation in Birmingham, Alabama In 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King eulogized these four young girls as angels after they died in the bombing of the 16 th Street Baptist church. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. sits in a Birmingham Jail.

JFK and Civil Rights Kennedy was concerned with maintaining the support of Southern Democrats, but events like the sit-ins, freedom rides, and the Birmingham bombings eventually forced him to send a Civil Rights Bill to Congress. “ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country”?

LBJ: The Great Society Tried to Make America a Better place.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Passed by Pres. Johnson • Prohibited segregation in public places 24 th Amendment-1964 Banned Poll Tax

Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Outlawed Literacy Tests • Opened the door for a flood of Black voters in the South

1968 A TUMULTUOUS YEAR Martin Luther King Jr. Robert Kennedy isis Assassinated by James Earl Ray Assassinated. in Memphis Tennessee.

Black Panther Party *In the aftermath of Dr. King’s death a radical movement began. *The Black Panthers accused the Police of brutality & racism.

Jim Crow’s Legacy Yet the legacy of Jim Crow is a powerful one. Despite decades of progress and equality in the eyes of the law, few would argue that ours is a truly color-blind society. The many differences between now and the Jim Crow era are striking; in some cases, so are the parallels.

Signs of Progress Sec. State-Condoleezza Rice Sec. of State Colin Powell 1 st Black on the Supreme Court Thurgood Marshall Baltimore Mayor -Sheila Dixon Attorney General Eric Holder Congresswoman. Sheila Jackson Lee New York Governor David Paterson VA Congressman Bobby Scott

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1968 Summer Olympics Tommie Smith and John Carlos bring world-wide attention to America's Civil Rights Movement

Fannie Lou Hammer (1917 -1977) Civil Rights & Voting Rights Activist from Mississippi. "I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to be Free”