The Structure of Hydrosphere Unit 3 Part 3

The Structure of Hydrosphere Unit 3: Part 3 Introduction Video(3 mins. ) https: //app. discoveryeducation. com/learn/videos/D 158 0 F 27 -C 4 AB-4 CF 6 -8 F 59 -D 4 FCF 657 C 6 A 1 Mr. Price 8 th grade Curriculum/NCDPI

The Structure of Hydrosphere l Oceans— 96. 5% of water found here l Fresh water distribution: l l Fresh water— 3. 5% of water found here l l l Ice: 1. 762% Groundwater: 1. 7% Surface Fresh Water: 0. 014% Atmosphere and soil: 0. 002%

Earth’s Ocean l Earth’s Ocean covers more than 70% of our planet’s surface. l There are 5 major ocean basins: - What ocean is the largest? Which ocean is east of the Americas and west of Europe and Africa? Which is south of Asia and the Middle East and east of Africa? What are the names and location of the last two?

Seawater is Salty l Seawater is salty. Anyone who has taken a gulp of water while swimming in the ocean knows that te saltiness of the water is called salinity. The chemistry of the seawater includes more than salt. It depends on what become dissolved in it over time. l What else can be found in the chemistry of the seawater?

Salty Ocean is always on the move l Remember: Ocean water is always moving. l It moves around surface ocean currents in the upper 400 meters of the ocean l Water moves around the ocean by upwelling, a process that brings water from the deep ocean to shallow areas, as well as downwelling, a process that sends water from the surface to the deep ocean.

Coastal Communities Currents along coastlines move water as well as sand. - beach nourishment, outer banks l Moving water transports heat from the Sun around the planet, which has an effect on climate. l l Gulf stream, fishing limits

Tides and Estuaries? l Each day ocean water moves with the tides, shifting where the water meets the shore in an endless cycle. l Tidal cycles are perhaps most easy to see at estuaries. l The ocean's tides are one type of tide created by gravitational force.

Global Ocean Conveyor l Over a long time water circulates from the deep ocean to shallow ocean and back again to the deep. l This circulation of seawater is called the global ocean conveyor.

Sea level on the rise l The height of the ocean surface is called sea level. l Over a long time, sea level can change for a number of reasons. l l What are some of these reasons? Today sea level is rising rapidly as Earth’s climate warms.

Hydrosphere and Global Warming? How can they be related? l Coral reefs are affected as the ocean changes because of global warming and other changes such as pollution. l As the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide becomes dissolved in seawater the ocean becomes more acidic, which is harmful to corals and other marine life.

Understanding Where Your Water Is Located—Oceans and Ice l What bodies of water hold the largest amount of water? l l Oceans—the largest bodies of water on Earth (contain salt water only) What features house water as ice? l l l Icebergs: a large piece of freshwater ice floating in open waters Glaciers: any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land *permanent snow areas also “house” water as ice

Fresh Water Locations—Surface Water l What is the difference between a watershed and a river basin? l Both terms describe land that drains into a river, stream or lake River Basin: the term used to describe an area that drains into a large river l Watershed: the term used to describe an area that drains into a smaller river or stream l

Fresh Water Locations—River Basins and Watersheds l Larger river basins are made up of many interconnected watersheds l Example: Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins are made of many small watersheds l The water in a watershed runs to the lowest point—a river, stream, lake, or ocean

Fresh Water Locations—Rivers, Streams, and Lakes l What is a river? l l What is a stream? l l A large channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope—made of many streams that come together A small channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope—made of small gullies What is a lake? l A body of water of considerable size contained on a body of land

Fresh Water Locations-Groundwater l What l The water found in cracks and pores in sand, gravel and rocks below the earth’s surface l What l is groundwater? is an aquifer? A porous rock layer underground that is a reservoir for water

Other Surface Waters l What l An area where the water table is at, near or above the land surface long enough during the year to support adapted plant growth l What l is a wetland? are the types of wetlands? Swamps, bogs, and marshes Swamp: a wetland dominated by trees l Bogs: a wetland dominated by peat moss l Marshes: a wetland dominated by grasses l