The Story of Internet From 60s to now

The Story of Internet From 60’s to now Zhong Jinyun De Smet Olivier André Abel The Story of Internet 1

before the word ‘Internet’ is invented. The world’s 10, 000 computers are primitive, although they cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. They have only a few thousand words of magnetic core memory, and programming them is far from easy. By 1992, when the timeline ends the Internet has one million hosts the ARPANET has ceased to exist computers are nine orders of magnitude faster network bandwidth is twenty million times greater. The Story of Internet 2

�How did the story of internet begin? The Story of Internet 3

Background �In the 1950 s and early 1960 s, prior to the widespread inter-networking that led to the Internet, most communication networks were limited by their nature to only allow communications between the stations on the network. The Story of Internet 4

�The real story began in 1962. It’s all about the war! �There’s a name to be remembered----ARPA The Story of Internet 5

What’s ARPA? �This agency is part of U. S. Department of Defense, a future-oriented funder of ‘high-risk, high-gain’ research, lays the groundwork for what becomes the ARPANET and, much later, the Internet. The Story of Internet "In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET. And the ARPANET was without form and void. And darkness was upon the deep. And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and ARPA said, 'Let there be a protocol, ' and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA said, 'Let there be more protocols, ' and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA sad, 'Let there be more networks, ' and it was so. " -- Danny Cohen 6

Birth of ARPANet The initiazalition � 1967: ARPA initiates planning of the ARPANet. Design objectives of ARPANet included ü interconnecting different research computers ü sharing data between networks ü load sharing of processing power (where one mainframe was busy, processing could be shifted to a different mainframe with available capacity) ü communications between different research centers (minor objective that became a major benefit and use). The Story of Internet 7

Birth of ARPANet The factors that led to APRAnet packet-switching By the late 1960 s, computer scientists were experimenting with non-linear "packet-switched" techniques to enable computers to communicate with each other. 29 Using this method, computers disassemble information into variablesize pieces of data called "packets" and forward them through a connecting medium to a recipient computer that then reassembles them into their original form. The Story of Internet 8

Birth of ARPANet The factors that led to APRAnet �Distributed Network Designed The Story of Internet 9

Birth of ARPANet The factors that led to APRAnet �ASCII A joint industry-government committee develops ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), the first universal standard for computers. It permits machines from different manufacturers to exchange data. The Story of Internet 10

Birth of ARPANet The first ARPANet and the first protocol �In the fall of 1969, right after the summer of love, ARPANet began with the successful linking of four computers known as Interface Message Processors (IMPS). �The next few years were spent developing core protocols for ARPANet. Steve Crocker, a graduate student at UCLA, led what was called the Network Working Group on the development of "host protocols. " Network Control Protocol (NCP) was the first such protocol. The Story of Internet 11

Birth of ARPANet First email 1971: Ray Tomlinson sends himself an email between two computers in his office. 1972: The initial "hot" application, electronic mail was introduced. March: Ray Tomlinson wrote the basic email message send and read software. July, Lawrence Roberts expanded its utility by writing the first email utility program to list, selectively read, file, forward, and respond to messages. October: Roberts Kahn organized a demonstration of the ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (ICCC). The Story of Internet 12

Birth of ARPANet Ethernet: Xerox's motivation for the computer network was that they were also building the world's first laser printer and wanted all of the PARC's computers to be able to print with this printer. Robert Metcalfe had two challenges: the network had to be fast enough to drive the very fast new laser printer. Robert Metcalfe left Xerox in 1979 to promote the use of personal computers and local area networks (LANs). He successfully convinced Digital Equipment, Intel, and Xerox Corporations to work together to promote ethernet as a standard. Now an international computer industry standard, ethernet is the most widely installed LAN protocol. The Story of Internet 13

Birth of ARPANet TCP/IP 1973 -1978: researchers led by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) which solved the network connection problems Vinton Cerf has been labeled the "Father of the Internet“. TCP/IP became the core protocol, it is what's used today, and in 1983 replaced NCP entirely. The Story of Internet 14

Birth of ARPANet MITS Altair 8800 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 is released, which was the first personal computer. the first programming language for the machine was Microsoft's founding product, Altair BASIC. The Story of Internet 15

Network Everywhere: Specific and closed to the general public: MFENet by the Department of Energy for its researchers in Magnetic Fusion Energy SPAN for NASA Space Physicists CSNET for the Computer Science community BITNET, which linked academic mainframe computers. The Story of Internet Numerous local area networks (LANs) due to Metcalfe's Ethernet technology 16

Network Everywhere: DNS � 1983: At the University of Wisconsin, the name server was developed � 1984: The first domain name server (DNS) was introduced in. The Story of Internet 17

Bring on the Web 80's to early 90's � 60's Hyper. Text idea developed in 80's by Tim Berners. Lee (CERN searcher) Proposal from Berners-Lee to CERN board (89): introduction to World Wide Web Berners-Lee's browser and editor program on a Ne. XT machine, showing how to use Hyper. Text to display information The Story of Internet 18

Bring on the Web 80's to early 90's November 92 : WWW project has 26 servers. January 93 : Development of several browsers on differents platforms (Unix, Mac) + around 50 HTTP servers. September 93 : NCSA released working versions of Mosaic browser for X, Windows and Mac. October 93 : around 200 HTTP servers running. The Story of Internet 19

Explosion 93 to now March 94 : creators of Mosaic browser founded Netscape Communications. April 94 : 2 students at Stanford University started a guide to keep track of their personal interests on the web : Yahoo ! April 95 : Sun released Java Development Kit, a programming language tailored for the web. Late 95 : Microsoft released browser Internet Explorer 1. 0, after their release of Windows 95 in August. The Story of Internet 20

Explosion 93 to now January 96 : 2 Ph. D. students at Stanford University hypothesized a new search engine for browsers. September 97 : The domain google. com was registered. The Story of Internet 21

Explosion 93 to now Half 2008 : 571, 937, 778 of internet hosts are registered. Global Internet Map 2007 1 node = 1 public server The Story of Internet 22