The Stone Ages Paleolithic Neolithic Era Paleolithic Era

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The Stone Ages Paleolithic Neolithic Era

The Stone Ages Paleolithic Neolithic Era

Paleolithic Era OLD STONE AGE n 4. 5 million years ago n Hominids emerged

Paleolithic Era OLD STONE AGE n 4. 5 million years ago n Hominids emerged n Nomadic; Hunter/Gatherers n

Neolithic Era NEW STONE AGE n 10, 000 years ago n Neolithic Revolution =

Neolithic Era NEW STONE AGE n 10, 000 years ago n Neolithic Revolution = Agricultural Revolution n Shift from food gathering to food producing n

Neolithic Era n Included domestication: taming wild animals to ensure a constant food source

Neolithic Era n Included domestication: taming wild animals to ensure a constant food source

Neolithic Era So, what’s the big deal?

Neolithic Era So, what’s the big deal?

The Birth of Civilization

The Birth of Civilization

Birth of Civilization Farming develops in many places: Americas, Africa, China, n Various crops

Birth of Civilization Farming develops in many places: Americas, Africa, China, n Various crops n

Birth of Civilization Prosperous farming villages, food surpluses, & new technology lead to the

Birth of Civilization Prosperous farming villages, food surpluses, & new technology lead to the rise of civilizations n Civilizations form all over the world; most are farming settlements in river valleys n

Birth of Civilization n Four of the earliest settlements are known as the Cradles

Birth of Civilization n Four of the earliest settlements are known as the Cradles of Civilization

Cradles of Civilization n n Tigris/Euphrates Rivers: Middle East (mostly Iraq) Nile River: Africa

Cradles of Civilization n n Tigris/Euphrates Rivers: Middle East (mostly Iraq) Nile River: Africa (Egypt)

Cradles of Civilization n n Indus River: South Asia (Pakistan/India) Huang He (Yellow) River:

Cradles of Civilization n n Indus River: South Asia (Pakistan/India) Huang He (Yellow) River: East Asia (China)

The 5 Characteristics of Civilization How Civilization Develops

The 5 Characteristics of Civilization How Civilization Develops

Characteristics Civilization: a complex culture featuring: 1. Advanced Cities 2. Specialized Workers 3. Complex

Characteristics Civilization: a complex culture featuring: 1. Advanced Cities 2. Specialized Workers 3. Complex Institutions 4. Record Keeping 5. Improved Technology

Advanced Cities n Cities with larger populations rise, becoming centers of trade

Advanced Cities n Cities with larger populations rise, becoming centers of trade

Specialized Workers Due to food surpluses, fewer people have to farm; time to refine

Specialized Workers Due to food surpluses, fewer people have to farm; time to refine skills & specialize n Artisans arise; make goods that display certain skill and artistic ability n Job specialization leads to social classes n

Specialized Workers What are some examples of specialized workers in ancient cultures? Farmers n

Specialized Workers What are some examples of specialized workers in ancient cultures? Farmers n Merchants n Priests n Potters n Scribes n Teachers n Soldiers n Metalworkers n Weavers n Gov’t officials n Traders n

Complex Institutions: government, religion, the economy n Governments establish laws, maintain order n Temples

Complex Institutions: government, religion, the economy n Governments establish laws, maintain order n Temples are centers for religion, government and trade n

Record Keeping Need to preserve & pass on information n Professional record keepers (scribes)

Record Keeping Need to preserve & pass on information n Professional record keepers (scribes) record taxes and laws n

Record Keeping Scribes invent cuneiform, a system of writing in about 3, 000 BC

Record Keeping Scribes invent cuneiform, a system of writing in about 3, 000 BC n Priest record myths: traditional stories of how earth was formed (found in every civilization) n

Improved Technology New tools & techniques to solve problems & make work easier n

Improved Technology New tools & techniques to solve problems & make work easier n Irrigation: Less dependency on rainfall n Use ditches to flood fields; dams to control water n

Improved Technology More time allows for more creativity n People replace copper & stone

Improved Technology More time allows for more creativity n People replace copper & stone with bronze to make tools, weapons, etc… n

Improved Technology Search for metals leads to long distance trade n Use animals for

Improved Technology Search for metals leads to long distance trade n Use animals for transportation n

Cultural Diffusion n n The exchange when cultures of goods and ideas comes in

Cultural Diffusion n n The exchange when cultures of goods and ideas comes in contact How would this improve the lives of people?