THE STONE AGES Paleolithic Era Neolithic Era PALEOLITHIC

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THE STONE AGES Paleolithic Era Neolithic Era

THE STONE AGES Paleolithic Era Neolithic Era

PALEOLITHIC ERA • OLD STONE AGE • 4. 5 million years ago • Hominids

PALEOLITHIC ERA • OLD STONE AGE • 4. 5 million years ago • Hominids emerged • Nomadic; Hunter/Gatherers

• NEW STONE AGE • 10, 000 years ago NEOLITHIC ERA • Neolithic

• NEW STONE AGE • 10, 000 years ago NEOLITHIC ERA • Neolithic Revolution = Agricultural Revolution • Shift from food gathering to food producing

NEOLITHI C ERA INCLUDED DOMESTICATION: TAMING WILD ANIMALS TO ENSURE A CONSTANT FOOD SOURCE

NEOLITHI C ERA INCLUDED DOMESTICATION: TAMING WILD ANIMALS TO ENSURE A CONSTANT FOOD SOURCE

NEOLITHIC ERA So, what’s the big deal?

NEOLITHIC ERA So, what’s the big deal?

THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION

THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION

BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION • Farming develops in many places: Americas, Africa, China, • Various

BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION • Farming develops in many places: Americas, Africa, China, • Various crops

BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION • Prosperous farming villages, food surpluses, & new technology lead to

BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION • Prosperous farming villages, food surpluses, & new technology lead to the rise of civilizations • Civilizations form all over the world; most are farming settlements in river valleys

BIRTH OF CIVILIZATIO N FOUR OF THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS ARE KNOWN AS THE CRADLES

BIRTH OF CIVILIZATIO N FOUR OF THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS ARE KNOWN AS THE CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION

CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION • Tigris/Euphrates Rivers: Middle East (mostly Iraq) • Nile River: Africa

CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION • Tigris/Euphrates Rivers: Middle East (mostly Iraq) • Nile River: Africa (Egypt)

CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION • Indus River: South Asia (Pakistan/India) • Huang He (Yellow) River:

CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION • Indus River: South Asia (Pakistan/India) • Huang He (Yellow) River: East Asia (China)

THE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVILIZATION HOW CIVILIZATION DEVELOPS

THE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVILIZATION HOW CIVILIZATION DEVELOPS

Civilization: a complex culture featuring: CHARACTERISTICS 1. Advanced Cities 2. Specialized Workers 3. Complex

Civilization: a complex culture featuring: CHARACTERISTICS 1. Advanced Cities 2. Specialized Workers 3. Complex Institutions 4. Record Keeping 5. Improved Technology

ADVANCED CITIES WITH LARGER POPULATIONS RISE, BECOMING CENTERS OF TRADE

ADVANCED CITIES WITH LARGER POPULATIONS RISE, BECOMING CENTERS OF TRADE

• Due to food surpluses, fewer people have to farm; time to refine

• Due to food surpluses, fewer people have to farm; time to refine skills & specialize SPECIALIZED WORKERS • Artisans arise; make goods that display certain skill and artistic ability • Job specialization leads to social classes

SPECIALIZED WORKERS What are some examples of specialized workers in ancient cultures? Farmers n

SPECIALIZED WORKERS What are some examples of specialized workers in ancient cultures? Farmers n Merchants n Priests n Potters n Scribes n Teachers n Soldiers n Metalworkers n Weavers n Gov’t officials n Traders n

COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS • Institutions: government, religion, the economy • Governments establish laws, maintain order

COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS • Institutions: government, religion, the economy • Governments establish laws, maintain order • Temples are centers for religion, government and trade

RECORD KEEPING • Need to preserve & pass on information • Professional record keepers

RECORD KEEPING • Need to preserve & pass on information • Professional record keepers (scribes) record taxes and laws

RECORD KEEPING • Scribes invent cuneiform, a system of writing in about 3, 000

RECORD KEEPING • Scribes invent cuneiform, a system of writing in about 3, 000 BC • Priest record myths: traditional stories of how earth was formed (found in every civilization)

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY New tools & techniques to solve problems & make work easier Irrigation:

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY New tools & techniques to solve problems & make work easier Irrigation: Less dependency on rainfall Use ditches to flood fields; dams to control water

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY • More time allows for more creativity • People replace copper &

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY • More time allows for more creativity • People replace copper & stone with bronze to make tools, weapons, etc…

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY • Search for metals leads to long distance trade • Use animals

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY • Search for metals leads to long distance trade • Use animals for transportation

CULTURAL DIFFUSION • The exchange of goods and ideas when cultures comes in contact

CULTURAL DIFFUSION • The exchange of goods and ideas when cultures comes in contact • How would this improve the lives of people?

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