The Standard Model of Particles and Interactions III

The Standard Model of Particles and Interactions III- Towards The Standard Model Elsayed Ibrahim Lashin 26 April 2014 1

The gauge symmetries of the Standard Model 2

The gauge symmetries of the Standard Model 3

The gauge symmetries of the Standard Model 4

The lagrangian of the Standard Model 5

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Finally the Higgs has been found in 2012, which is the last missing piece in the Standard Model. 7

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The S-matrix 12

Link to observables 13

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The CKM matrix 18

Lots still not understood! • How to calculate predictions for the hard questions in QCD? • What happens at nearby energies to allow the force couplings to unify at much higher energy? SUSY? • What causes the fermions to have the observed mass pattern? • What about neutrinos 19

Lots still not understood! • What gives the universe matter excess over antimatter? • What particles make up most of the (dark) mass of the universe? • Where did the “dark energy” come from? • What about gravity? 20

References In preparing this presentation I used the following lectures and presentations 1. Four Lectures Leading to the Standard Model of Particle Physics - A Paradigm, 2001 2. The future of particle physics, S. King 2004 Sumer school lectures by Geraldine Servant 3. Sumer school lectures by Geraldine Servant , 2012. 21