The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response

The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response http: //www. history. com/topics/reformation/videos#the-origins-of-calvinism

John Calvin and Calvinism • In 1536, John Calvin published the Institutes of the Christian Religion. – A summary of Protestants doctrines

John Calvin and Calvinism • Calvin’s beliefs were similar to Martin Luther • But he believed another doctrine called predestination – Belief that God had determined in advance who would be saved and who wouldn’t

John Calvin and Calvinism • By mid-16 th century, Calvinism had replaced Lutheranism as the most important form of Protestantism.

The Reformation in England • The Reformation in England had its roots in politics, not religion

The Reformation in England http: //www. history. com/videos/martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution#protestand-reformation-english-reformation • King Henry VIII of England wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn’t have children – Asked the pope to annul (declare invalid) the marriage • The pope refused

The Reformation in England • He got the annulment through the Church of England • Then he asked Parliament to separate the Church in England from the pope in Rome – They agreed; making the king head of the Church of England

The Reformation in England • When Henry died, his son Edward VI took the throne – He was only 9, and very sick

The Reformation in England • During his reign, church officials took the Church of England in a Protestant direction – Gave clergy the right to marry – Created a new Protestant church service

The Catholic Reformation • By mid-16 th century, Protestantism was well established across Europe. • The Catholic Church began a reformation of its own

The Catholic Reformation • 3 factors brought about the Catholic Reformation • The Jesuits • Reform of the papacy • The Council of Trent

The Jesuits • They were servants of the pope • Used education to spread their message – Very successful in restoring Catholicism in Germany eastern Europe

Reform of the Papacy • Pope Paul III recognized the need for changed in the Catholic Church

Reform of the Papacy • Paul III appointed a Reform Commission in 1537 – Responsible for restoring integrity to church offices • They recognized that prior popes were to blame for a lot of the corruption

Reform of the Papacy • In 1545, Pope Paul III began the Council of Trent – Made of church leaders – Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings