The Spread of Protestantism And the Catholic Reformation

The Spread of Protestantism And the Catholic Reformation (There was a change in the Christian religion along with what we’ve seen earlier) Chapter 5 Sections 3, 4 and 5 Chunky Combo Package. The Germans, Swiss, and the English TOGETHER AS A SANDWICH!! Not really…

Warm-up • 1. Review the 5 Pre questions on section 3 -4 -5 you created after yesterday’s quiz…. Quiz each other! • Journal: • 2. “Would you ever want to be a King or Queen of an Entire country (say the USA if we had one) Why or why not? • List 2 pros and 2 cons to this job. • What is a law you would create OR change for the USA? (Name a law that needs changing? ) perhaps something about High school requirements ect?

Photo Analysis #3, 000 details -2997

Photo Analysis #2:

Similarities/Differences How are these 2 similar? Different?

Martin Luther • The Protestant Reformation was begun by a German Monk named Martin Luther in 1517. Breaks Christians into two main sides: Catholics and Protestants. • Luther and many others saw the Catholic Church of the 1500 s as corrupt; especially it’s practice of selling indulgences: paying the Catholic Church to have one’s sins absolved and assure them entrance to heaven. • After much thought, on Oct. 31 st 1517, Luther (now a priest and professor) nailed a sign on the Wittenberg Church door with his 95 Theses which criticized indulgences and other church policies! Printed copies quickly spread across Germany.

• Sales of INDULGENCES declined quickly, Luther was excommunicated in 1521 and then was brought to the Diet(meaning council) of WORMS to recant his views in front of German (catholic) princes. He refused! Was labeled a heretic (NON BELIEVER) and an outlaw and goes into hiding!

Spread of Protestantism (sec 4) • In the 1500 s Protestantism spread throughout Europe but divisions within it began to appear • 1525: Swiss priest named Zwingli in the city of Zurich set up a theocracy: meaning a church run state. An army of Swiss Catholics rose up to fight the folk of Zurich and defeated them. (one of the many religious wars to take place between European Catholics and the new Protestants) • John Calvin: 1541 Another Swiss church leader in Geneva. He started his own brand of Protestantism which became known as Calvinism and was democratic in nature. • He spread the belief of Predestination: That God alone determines the fate of every person. Calvinism urged peoples to overthrow “ungodly ” rulers. Contributes to rise of later revolutionary movements.

England’s Church Turmoil • Reformation ideas filtered into England in 1500 s. An argument occurred between the Pope and King Henry VIII and brought these ideas into English politics. • Henry VIII had first married a Catholic Spanish princess named Catherine of Aragon who did bear him a daughter, MARY. Henry, however, wanted a male heir to the throne, believed Catherine too old to produce more kids, asked for a divorce so he could marry the cute Anne Boleyn. • Pope refused.

• So Henry ordered parliament to pass: The Act of Supremacy in 1534, this made Henry the head of the English Church instead of the Pope. And he broke all of England away from the Catholic church. • The New Church of England kept many of the Catholic doctrines and forms of worship. • Henry did close monasteries, seized Catholic lands etc. • Some English Catholics, ( like Sir Thomas Moore) did complain about the change and were beheaded! …. OOPs, don’t complain to the KING!

Henry’s Wives: The good, the bad and the beheaded. Henry (as head of the Church) had the Church of England declare his divorce from Catherine. After his second marriage to Anne, Boleyn did give Henry a daughter, Elizabeth, but still no son. • Henry, not happy, after a few years had Anne beheaded ( accused of an affair with her brother, NEVER happened) • Henry married 4 more times to: • Jane Seymour m. 1536 - 1537 Died after giving birth to a son : Edward • Anne of Cleves m. 1540 Jan. - July Divorced • Kathryn Howard m. 1540 - 1542 Executed • Katherine Parr m. 1543 – 1547 Widowed.

England’s journey to Anglicanism • Bonus HISTORY!: After Henry VIII’s death Edward (son of Jane Seymore)became Edward VI at age nine and ruled England until he died in his late teens. • replaced by Catherine’s daughter Mary who became known as “Bloody Mary” (for burning protestants to death while trying to restore Catholicism to England by force. )

England’s journey to Anglicanism Cont. • After Catholic Queen Mary’s death in 1558, her half sister Elizabeth (daughter of Anne Boleyn) becomes Queen Elizabeth I and fully transforms the English Church to Protestantism with some Catholic features, this blend becomes Anglicanism and pleases most Englishmen… • (except Puritans who want to chop out all remaining bits of Catholic ritual and flee to New World later…)

VLA reviews: • #1. Martin Luther clip: each group appoints a writer and a presenter and creates a list of 4+ KEY facts or visual details from the video: • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=dt 5 AJr 0 wl s 0 • Be ready to share! • Horrible histories: Wives of Henry VIII: • • http: //www. schooltube. com/video/123 d 1074578941487 a 5 f/ Each group again appoints (a different presenter/writer and will create a detail list an attempt to give one fact on each of the 6 wives! (will play this twice!)

Mini review: • In groups (or individually at home if time runs out) appoint a writer, presenter and researchers (trick statement you are ALL researchers!) and create a WEB OR LIST of what your group agrees are the top 5+ facts from TODAYS power point NOTES. • LINK multiple sets of 2 or more FACTS together! • Be ready to share and sing it! (jk on the singing part…)

Catholic reformation/inquisition Warm-up: • 1. List 5 things you recall from yesterday. • 2. IF you know anything: What scandal(s) have rocked the Catholic Church in today’s world? • 3. . Should the USA EVER use TORTURE on captured Terrorists to get information from them? • Why or why not? IS torture a good way to get information? What is the definition of torture in your own words?

Painting Analysis

Details (die roll and a Clever Headline)

The Catholic Reformation • During the 1530 s and 1540 s Pope Paul III set out reform the Catholic Church and stem the advance of Protestant ideas. • ***Council of Trent: met off and on for 20 yrs until 1563: reaffirmed Catholic teachings and declared that church tradition was equal in importance to what is written in the Bible. (must follow Papal decrees) ALSO STOPPED SELLING INDULGENCES…… • ***Also said only Bible version to read is the LATIN version (Protestants printed Bible in local tongues) also Mass in Latin

Catholic Reformation Cont. : • Church started SEMINARY SCHOOLS to ensure a better educated clergy • Encouraged new art and architecture style called baroque Which stressed emotion complexity and exaggeration for dramatic effect. Examples on next pages: Summarize the last 2 slides with a clever sentence or 2 or a headline!

Baroque Art example

The Inquisition • Inquisition Started in 1232, as a church court, courts set up across Europe, especially Spain, Italy and France. (Last one ended in early 1800 s in Spain. ) • Used to convert heretics (non believers; those who spoke against decrees of Catholic Church) • Church Courts used persuasion then if that failed torture! Often accused people without evidence. • Victims were Jews, Muslims, Non-Catholic Christians and even Catholics who were accused of heresy by their neighbors! (There were multiple Inquisitions the most famous one was the Spanish Inquisition. )

Inquisition: Continued • To deal with Protestant threat, THE Inquisition was strengthened in 1500 s by Pope Paul III • Introduced censorship and Banned certain books to curtail (STOP) humanist and Protestant thinking • (EVEN HAD SEVERAL BOOK BURINGS One in Florence by a Mad Monk. )

Inquistion Torture tools The UNComfy Chair. . .

• Religious Wars between the 2 factions did break out in Europe in the 1500 s and early 1600 s (30 Years War started like this in 1618 to 1648) • Catholic v. Protestants Across Central Europe. (mostly in German states) • European Jews caught in the middle and persecuted by both sides (except in tolerant Netherlands)

A Divided Europe • 1555: Peace of Augsberg : signed between Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and German Princes, allowed each ruler to choose the religion of their subjects • Catholicism: stayed popular in Southern Europe, places like Italy, France, Spain Portugal and southern Germany • Protestantism: popular in Northern Europe, places like Scotland, Netherlands, Northern Germany and Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway) • (England had a blend of the 2; with Protestant and Catholic elements blended together called Anglicism aka The Church of England)

30 Years War:

Video Learning Reviews: In groups appoint a writer and presenter and write down 4 plus details or facts observed in each video : • Reformation: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=gi 5 q. R 7 tfl G 0 • Spanish Inquisition: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=bcic. AGMwts

Review summation activity • Solo for HW OR if teacher instructs: In groups of 3 or less, appoint a leader (presenter), writer and researcher and PREDICT the TOP 10 FACTS to KNOW from sections 3 4 and through 5 that your group feels will DEFINITELY be on a Chapter 5 Quiz… • ALSO PICK AND PUT A STAR BY THE 3 MOST INTERESTING FACTS YOU LEARNED FROM sections 3 -4 -5.