The Spanish Conquest of the Americas God Gold
- Slides: 26
The Spanish Conquest of the Americas God, Gold and Glory The Spanish in Mexico The Biological Exchange
REASONS FOR COLONIZATION AND EXPLORING THE NEW WORLD Ø Countries are searching for a trade route to Asia for spices and silk Ø Christopher Columbus reaches the West Indies, a chain of islands near the Americas on October 12, 1492
THE SPANISH: GOD The Spanish defeat the Moors after they convert to Christianity in 1492 Ø The Spanish believe that it is their duty to spread Christianity to the world Ø When the Spanish conqueror Native Americans they must be converted because to be Spanish means that you must be a Christian Ø
THE SPANISH: GOLD Gold will be discovered in Mexico Ø The Spanish will desire gold because it will help pay for the expansion of their empire Ø Countries will practice mercantilism, the belief that nations can become wealthy by finding gold and exporting large amounts of goods Ø
THE SPANISH: GLORY During the Reconquista, the Spanish will defeat the Moors after being under their control for 500 years Ø After the Reconquista, Spanish conquistadors will look for adventure and glory in the New World Ø Conquistadors will mine the mountains, forests and Native Americans for wealth Ø
SPANISH EXPLORERS HERNAN CORTES In 1519, Hernando Cortes lands at Vera Cruz, Mexico with 600 soldiers Ø Cortes will encounter the Aztecs and destroy their empire in 1521 Ø The Spanish beat the Aztecs because they have guns, armor, horses and disease Ø
The Spanish in Mexico After Cortes’ victory, the Spanish will force Indians to become Christians Ø Indians will also be forced to work the fields, clear the forest, and work in the gold mines Ø If the Indians do not submit they are punished and killed Ø Some Spaniards will take Indian women as wives, their children will be known as mestizos (birth of Mexicans) Ø
Treasure Ø Spain soon became the richest, most powerful nation in the world due to the American colonies. Ø Ships filled with treasures from the Americas continually sailed into Spanish harbors. Ø This new found wealth helped usher in the “Golden Age” of Spain.
Treasures from the Americas!
Catholic Priests Ø Accompanied explorers to the Americas. Ø While the explorers searched for gold, the priests looked for Christian converts. Ø In 1609 -1610, the “Santa Fe” was built. Ø In the next two decades, Christian missions would expand across the Southwestern U. S.
Opposition to Spanish rule Ø Spanish priests worked to spread Christianity in the Americas. Ø They also pushed for a better treatment of Native Americans. Ø Priests spoke out against the cruelty towards the natives. Ø They criticized the encomienda system.
Bartolome de las Casas Ø “There is nothing more detestable or cruel than the tyranny which the Spaniards use toward the Indians for getting of riches. ” Ø Las Casas suggested the use of African labor. l l “The labor of one is more valuable than that of four Indians. ” The Spaniards soon began to import Africa slaves to meet their growing labor needs.
De las Casas
The Biological Exchange Ø Europeans l l Introduced rice, wheat, lettuce and sugar Cattle, pigs, goats, chickens and sheep Horses changed travel, warfare and hunting for Indians Diseases like smallpox and measles Ø Native Americans l l l Introduced corn, potato and pumpkins which increased the world food supply Llamas, dogs, and various types of birds Milder forms of tobacco
Pizzaro
Atahualpa
Ø The Spaniards crushed the Incas and kidnapped their ruler. Ø Atahualpa offered to fill a room once with gold and twice with silver in exchange for his release. Ø After the Spaniards received the ransom, they strangled Atahualpa. Ø Pizarro then took control of the Inca capital, Cuzco.
Atahualpa captured
A new society emerges Ø Peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain who came to America as settlers or explorers. Ø Peninsulares were mostly men, therefore many married native women. Ø A new race was created called Mestizo – mixed Spanish and Native American.
Encomienda system Ø Spaniards forced Native Americans in a labor system. Ø Natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords. Ø The landlords promised Spanish government they would act fairly and respectfully toward the workers. Ø However, many abused the natives and worked many laborers to death, especially inside the mines.
Brazil Treaty of Tordesillas!! Ø The Portuguese took control of Brazil. Ø Finding little gold or silver, the Portuguese began growing sugar. Ø Clearing out huge forests, the Portuguese built giant sugar plantations. Ø The demand for sugar was high in Europe, and the Brazilian colony made Portuguese very rich.
Disease and Slavery Ø Disease ran rampant throughout Brazil also, killing millions of natives. Ø Furthermore, the Portuguese enslaved the Brazilian natives, like the Spanish did in Mexico and the Caribbean. Ø In this time period, it was common for people to enslave the people of their conquered territories.
Spaniards forced their culture Syncretism, the Christianity. blending of Ø Spanish priests and soldiers often burned theirreligious sacred objects and prohibited many ideas native rituals. Ø The natives were forced to convert to Ø They were abused physically. Ø Natives who practiced their own religion were beaten.
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