The Space Race Space Race 1957 Soviets Launch

The Space Race

Space Race • 1957 --Soviets Launch Sputnik (artificial satellite) – 1957 Soviets 1 st Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) – 1959—U. S. Launches its 1 st ICBM – 1959—Soviets put unmanned craft on moon • 1961—Yuri Gagarin 1 st cosmonaut to orbit Earth – 1962—John Glenn 1 st American to orbit Earth • What’s Kennedy’s fear?

“If You Believe They Put A Man on the Moon” • Kennedy launches Apollo Program – Race for the Moon • Increased emphasis on math & science in schools • Apollo 11: July 20, 1969 – U. S. Lands on moon

JFK Administration (1960 -1963) The Cold War “Heats” UP

Election of 1960 • Kennedy Campaign Commercials • Nixon Campaign Commercials

Election of 1960 • Issues: – Cold War – Religion – Civil Rights • “Missile Gap” • What impact did TV play in the election? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Jh. De. KMCYH 5 g

Candidate Party Electoral Votes Popular Votes John F. Kennedy Democratic 303 34, 227, 096 Richard M. Nixon Republican 219 34, 107, 646 Harry F. Byrd Democratic 15 116, 248

What About the 2016 Election?

• The Wright Brothers are hugely known • "A life is not important except in for the invention of the airplane. Many the impact it has on other lives" - times when people are severely ill airplanes are used as the source of Jackie Robinson certainly had an transportation by transporting them from one hospital to another. Proving impact on other lives. Despite that without the Wright Brothers’ discrimination, threats, and all invention of the airplane many lives odds Jackie Robinson was the first would have been lost. Also, airplanes are used during war time, while it may African American to break the segregation barrier and play in the seem like a bad idea; planes used for warfare help to shorten the war span. major league of baseball. A new As a result saving more lives and saving field of equalization for African more money. Proving that the Wright Americans was breached based on Brothers are the most significant people because their creation of airplanes has his perseverance. saved many lives.

Kennedy Foreign Policy • Flexible Response – Prepare to fight both conventional wars and conflict against guerilla forces – Heavy support for Special Forces/Green Berets – Peace Corps

Bay of Pigs--Cuba • 1959: Fidel Castro overthrows U. S. supported Cuban dictator, Fugencio Batista • Castro estbl. closer ties with USSR – Castro/Khrushchev (Soviet leader) • What’s Kennedy’s Fear? – Communism only 90 miles from U. S.

Bay of Pigs • Eisenhower Admin. – La Brigada: • CIA trained Cuban Exiles • Invade Cuba; cause rebellion • April 17 -19, 1961 – Complete Disaster • Impact on the U. S. ? – Weakens Kennedy’s image internationally • Castro’s Response? – Forms even closer ties with Soviets… – Why might U. S. have feared this?

Bay of Pigs

Checkpoint Charlie • What do you observe in the photo? (This should be things or words, not what you think is happening) • What is the mood of the photograph? • Where might this photo have been taken? What evidence supports this? • Who might the parties in the photo be? • What do you think might have led to the event captured in the photo? • What emotions may have been felt by people looking at this photo in 1961 that you may not feel now? Why?

Checkpoint Charlie

Cold War Heats Up in Germany

Berlin Wall (1961) • Khrushchev: Trying to stop E. Germans fleeing to W. Berlin – Demands U. S. w/draw forces from W. Berlin – 3. 5 million flee E. Germany – Mass Brain Drain – E. German Econ. on verge of collapse • Why were people fleeing? • Result: Berlin Wall • Significance?

Berlin Wall (1961)

Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 15 -28, 1962) • US Spy Planes Spot Soviet Missiles in Cuba – Oct. 15, 1962 • What might have caused this? – – Bay of Pigs Operation Mongoose U. S. Missiles: Turkey/Italy Previously, Soviet missiles could only hit Europe • Try to deter U. S. attack on USSR – Khrushchev views Kennedy as weak

Cuban Missile Crisis • What’s Kennedy’s Fear?

What Would You Do? • Working with 2 or 3 other people, take the role of JFK and his EX-COMM advisors: • How would you respond to the placement of missiles in Cuba? Why? What issues might this cause? Must be able to support your position and anticipate consequences. – No Action – Diplomacy: Use diplomatic pressure to get Soviets to remove missiles – Warning: Send a message to Castro warning him that he and Cuba are in grave danger – Blockade: Use U. S. Navy to block missiles arriving in Cuba – Air Strike: Use the U. S. Air Force to attack all known missile sites – Invasion: Full force invasion of Cuba & overthrow Castro

Cuban Missile Crisis: On the Brink of Nuclear Destruction • EX-COMM • Kennedy Announces Naval Quarantine • Vows “Significant” Response If Missile Launched from Cuba • Kennedy Demands Removal of Missiles

Cuban Missile Crisis WORLD ON THE BRINK OF NUCLEAR DESTRUCTION

Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis • Closest world has come to nuclear war • U. S. promises not to invade Cuba; remove U. S. Missiles from Turkey • Soviets remove missiles from Cuba • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty • Khrushchev falls out of favor in Soviet Union

Brief Overview: Kennedy Domestic Policy Space Race • • New Frontier: – Increase aid to education, health insurance for the elderly (Medicare), urban development/lowincome housing • Women’s Rights: Equal Pay Act • Aid for the Disabled – Special Olympics • Civil Rights Movement – What role did JFK play? RFK? LBJ? • Increases U. S. involvement in Vietnam (FP)

Kennedy Assassination • Nov. 22, 1963 President Kennedy Assassinated – Dallas, TX • Lyndon Johnson sworn in as President • Nation in Mourning http: //dsc. discovery. com/videos/jfk-insidethe-target-car-jfks-final-hours. html