The Southwest US Expansion 1810 1846 Objective Trace

The Southwest & US Expansion (1810 -1846)

Objective: • Trace the growth of the American Nation during the Period of Western Expansion: Southwest, Mexican Cession, & Gadsden Purchase.

Essential Question: • How did the creation of Mexico lead to conflict between them and the United States?

So, share out with partner(s) and discuss items we were learning about before the break?

What’s going on in this painting?

New Spain in 1810

New Spain (1500’s-1810) • Ruled the area of what is now the Southwest US and Mexico. • Spain ruled from across the Atlantic. • Treated people born in the New World as second class citizens; not much power if you weren’t a native born Spainard. • People born in the New World were becoming angry with Spain about their treatment.

Father Miguel Hidalgo (1753 -1811) • Mexican Catholic Priest who started the War of Mexican Independence. • Upset by how the poor and people born in the New World were treated by the rulers in Spain.

Mexican War for Independence (September 16 th, 1810) • Begins on September 16 th, 1810. • On this day, Father Hidalgo called for his parish to rebel against the current government of New Spain which he viewed as corrupt. • Many Mestizos, Natives, poor farmers, land owners, politicians, and even some Spaniards joined him.

Father Hidalgo started the Mexican Revolution on September 16 th, 1810 by ringing the local church bells.

Mexico fights with Spain for the next 11 years.

1821 (Creation of Mexico) • Spain leaves the New World after Mexico wins its Independence after 11 years of war. • Nation of Mexico is the Southwest US and modern day Mexico.

Which states are in Mexico at this time? (Discuss)

Mexico Flag (1821 -1823)

What Problems would a new Country have? (Discuss)

Wars Cost Money.

Someone is still moving Westward (. . and they ain’t stopping).

Mexico Problems (1821). • Big land few people on it. • Economic issues (wars cost money) • Big area to protect and keep order. • To settle the land, they invited Americans to live in Texas for very cheap. • Had to become Catholic if you lived here and also learn to speak Spanish. • By 1835, Texans outnumbered Mexicans 4 to 1 due to immigration into Texas.

The Southwest & US Expansion (1810 -1846) (Day 2)

Objective: • Trace the growth of the American Nation during the Period of Western Expansion: Southwest, Mexican Cession, & Gadsden Purchase.

Essential Question: • How did the creation of Mexico lead to conflict between them and the United States?

What is immigration?

Immigration • The movement of people into a destination country to which they are not native to. • Often occurs due to economic, social, and other numerous factors. • Remember, our Nation is a nation of immigrants (with the exception of Native Americans).

Mexico had Problems with Immigration • US immigrants illegally coming into Mexico for land. • Remember, huge tract of land difficult for Mexico to watch over all of it. • Many ignored Mexican laws. • Often did not assimilate (did not learn Spanish or practice Catholicism). • Also, many immigrants brought their slaves.

Republic of Texas (1832) • By 1832, people in the area of present day Texas, started to call the area the Republic of Texas. • Mexico saw this happening and in 1829 banned slavery in Mexico to stop Americans from coming. • This greatly angered the Anglo Texans. • Texans began fighting with Mexican government about various items. • Tension between Mexican Government and Texans.

The Southwest & US Expansion (1810 -1846) (Day 3)

Objective: • Trace the growth of the American Nation during the Period of Western Expansion: Southwest, Mexican Cession, & Gadsden Purchase.

Essential Question: • How did the creation of Mexico lead to conflict between them and the United States?

How does this tie into the conflict between the Republic of Texas and Mexico? (Discuss)

Who do you think President Jackson would support in this conflict? (Discuss)

Jackson supported Texas, but was also in the last year of his Presidency (1836)

Mexico and Texas starting to have tensions between its people(1832)

Texas and Mexico Peace Conventions (18321833). • There a few scrimmages between Mexico and Tejanos (Texan Rebels). • In 1832, Stephen F. Austin, a Texas statesmen and representative met with Mexico officials about what to do to resolve the issues between them. • Met in the town of San Felipe to try to loosen the immigration laws and taxes on Texans. • Austin then goes to Mexico City for another convention and is imprisoned in 1834 by Mexican Government and President Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana.

Mexico President Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana

Mexico in 1835. • Mexicans began sending in troops to take back their lands and kick out or subdue. Texans. • Texans fight back. Upset with capture of Stephen F. Austin. • Many Americans felt that it was their duty to support Texans. • US Government looking to get involved if need be, but kept its distance. • Texas supported by President Jackson.

The Texas Revolution (1835) • After Stephen F. Austin released from prison in 1835, he urges the Texans to organize an Army seeing that President Santa Ana will not listen. • The Texas Revolutionofficially begins in 1835 when the area is in full on revolt against Mexico. • General Sam Houston, a former governor of Tennessee and proven leader, takes over command of volunteer army.

What building is this?

The Alamo (1836) • February 23 – March 6, 1836 was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. • A small group of 200 Texans defended the Alamo from an army of 5000 Mexican Troops. • Tried to delay the Mexican army to give Sam Houston’s army more time to prepare. • Mexicans trying to take back their land from revolting Texans and would give no quarter.

Battle of the Alamo.

Mexico Wins the Battle of the Alamo.

“Remember the Alamo”

The Battle of San Jacinto (1836) • Texans rally after the siege of the Alamo. • Texans defeat General Santa Anna and his poorly trained Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto. • Houston’s army forces Santa Ana to sign a treaty recognizing Texas. • Texas becomes an Independent Republic in 1836.

The creation of the Republic of Texas (1836) • Texas breaks away from Mexico in 1836 after a brief war. • Still an independent nation, but it has close relations to the United States.

Texas and Mexico still disputing where the boundary line is (1836).

United States and Mexico (1834)

Now how would The Texas Revolution eventually lead to Texas to becoming a part of the United States? (1836) (Discuss)

Points of View : Who was in the right, Texas or Mexico?

What is it called when the US is moving West again?

Moving West……. fulfilling one’s destiny?

Manifest Destiny • In the 19 th century (1800’s), Manifest Destiny was the widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. • Many Americans believed they should rule the entire continent; including the land that belonged to Mexico.

Works Cited: • https: //www. gilderlehrman. org • http: //www. ushistory. org • https: //www. loc. gov • https: //constitutioncenter. org/media/files/constitution. pdf