The Southern Colonies Nathaniel Bacon MasonDixon Line In
The Southern Colonies Nathaniel Bacon
Mason-Dixon Line • In 1763 two Englishmen, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began to look over the 244 -mile boundary between Maryland Pennsylvania. They carefully laid two stone markers at the borders of the two colonies. They called this boundary the Mason-Dixon Line. • Below the Mason Dixon Line, the Southern Colonies developed their own way of life different from the other English Colonies. Jeremiah Dixon
Lord Baltimore’s Maryland • Sir George Calvert served several terms as a Minister of Parliament under King James I, and later his son King Charles I. • Converted to Catholicism. Catholics were not permitted to work in high offices for the King of England or to work as Ministers of Parliament. His career was ruined.
Maryland was truly a land of plenty • King James I liked Sir George Calvert so much that he decided to give him another title: First Baron of Baltimore and a land grant to est. a colony • Calvert named the colony Maryland in honor of Queen Henrietta Maryland, the king’s wife • Calvert planned to build a colony where Catholics could practice their religion freely. oyster Chesapeake Bay 60 -lb. black drum crabs
Lord Baltimore appointed the Governor of Maryland. • 1634 - Lord Baltimore appointed a governor and council of advisers, but he let colonists elect an assembly. • He gave out generous land grants to encourage people to settle in Maryland. Lord Baltimore welcomed Catholics and Protestants to the colony.
Act of Toleration • In 1649, he asked the people to pass an Act of Toleration. The act provided religious freedom for all Christians. This freedom did not extend to Jewish people. Religious Toleration By Edwin Howland Blashfield, (1848 -1936) unveiled January 11, 1905
The Virginia Frontier • Across the bay Virginians were already growing tobacco. They were lured there because of the promise of the profits from tobacco. • Wealthy planters took the best land near the coast. Newcomers had to move inland near the Indians. • Indians and settlers had many clashes and wars over the land. The Governor would not take action against the Indians.
Bacon’s Rebellion Na th an i el • Bacon’s Rebellion was a struggle between the tightly -knit Tidewater colonists and those colonists living on the frontier, where the Indian presence overshadowed other concerns.
What did Bacon Do? • Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter – organized some angry men and women against the Indians. – He led a revolt against the Native American Indians. – Then he burned down Jamestown.
• The government stopped Bacon and his followers. Twenty-three of Bacon’s follows were hanged. Bacon was killed in a revolt. The wife of Edmund Cheesman (or Chisman) faints before Governor William Berkeley of Virginia, 1677, after unsuccessfully pleading for a pardon for her husband, a participant in Bacon's Rebellion.
Jamestown Fort in Virginia (U. S. ), c. 1608.
Jamestown today • Modern bricks marking the foundations of brick houses built in New Towne, Jamestown, after 1614. Jamestown National Historic Site, Virginia. Ongoing Archaeology
The Carolinas • South of Virginia and Maryland, English colonists settled in a region called the Carolinas.
• In the North of the Carolinas settlers were poor tobacco farmers. In the South, a group of eight rich nobles set up a larger colony. In 1685, a few planters discovered that rice grew well in the lowly swamplands along the coast. Before long, Carolina Rice became a valuable crop traded around the world.
The farmers needed large numbers of workers to grow rice. • They tried to enslave the Indians to do the work but they died of diseases or mistreatment. Planters turned to slaves from Africa. By 1700, most people coming to Carolina were African men and women brought against their will.
North and South Carolina • The North part of Carolina did not have slaves. The South part did have slaves. • The issue of slavery led to the differences between the two areas. Not able settle their differences they separated into 2 different settlements called North and South Carolina. RECONSTRUCTED SLAVE QUARTERS at Carter's Grove plantation
Georgia: A Haven for Debtors • James Oglethorpe, a respected solider, founded Georgia in 1732. • He wanted Georgia to be a place where people jailed for debts in England could find a new life. • In 1733 Oglethorpe and 130 colonists built the colonies first settlement at Savannah. He forbid slavery and did not allow very large farms. The landing of James Oglethorpe and 130 colonists at Savannah, Georgia, on 13 January 1733:
Oglethorpe changed the rules • He attracted the poor people to settle in his lands. • Soon afterwards, Oglethorpe changed his rules. He allowed large plantations and slavery. • Colony grew more quickly after changes. Governor James Oglethorpe visiting the colony of Scottish Highlanders in Georgia, 1736 A planter's house in Georgia
Plantation Life • The colonies in the North (Virginia, Maryland parts of North Carolina) became the major tobacco and rice producing areas. • Slaves did most of the work in the fields. Some slaves were skilled workers such as carpenters or blacksmiths. Other slaves worked as cooks and housekeepers. • Only a few southerners owned large plantations. Planters set the style of life in the south. The planter lived in an elegant home with a parlor and guestrooms.
Growth of Slavery • By 1700, plantations in the Southern Colonies relied on slave labor. Slaves cleared the land, worked the crops and tended the livestock. • To control the large number of slaves the colonists passes Slave Codes. These laws set out rules for slaves’ behavior and denied them their basic rights. Slaves were seen not as humans but as property.
Quakers call for an end to slavery • The belief that one race is superior to another is called racism. • In 1688, Quakers in Germantown, Pennsylvania, became the first group of colonists to call for an end to slavery.
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