The South and West Transformed 1865 1900 Chapter

The South and West Transformed 1865 - 1900 Chapter 6

Section 1: The New South

Industries and Cities Grow �The South Remained largely agricultural and poor after the Civil War �Farming became more diversified; grain, tobacco, and fruit crops (small farms replaced large plantations)

Railroads Link Cities and Towns �To combat economic isolation, southerners lobbied the federal government for more rail building

Southern Economic Recovery in Limited �Sustained economic development requires resources, labor, and capital investment. (industry is a three legged stool. �Public education was limited in the South, there were few technical and engineering schools

Southern Farmers Face Hard Times �Cash Crop – products grown not for there use but sold for cash �Cotton remained a staple crop after the Civil War and during the war many European textile factories found other sources (depressed prices)

Farms Band Together �Farmers’ Alliance – farmers in Texas in the 1870 began to organize as a group for lower prices for supplies (lobbied for lower transport cost and loan rates)

Black Southerners Gain and Lose �Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments gave many gains that were stifled by the courts. �Voting, Education, businesses, purchasing power, farmer groups �(Federal Laws)

White Backlash Begins �Ku Klux Klan used terror and violence �Civil Rights Act of 1875 – congress guaranteed black patrons the right to ride trains and use public facilities �Supreme Court ruled that these were local issues

Westward Expansion and the American Indians

Cultures Under Pressure �The federal government forced Native Americans west past the Mississippi to lands they were to have FOREVER during the 1840’s.

Cultures Under Pressure �Westward expansion would soon dissolved this promise “Great American Desert” �Native Americans had many diverse cultures influenced by geography • • Pacific North west – fish and forests South hunter-gatherers South West – arid lands Pueblo people Plains – buffalo �(Natives saw themselves as part of nature)

Threatened by Advancing Settlers �President Jackson moved the Cherokees off their land in Georgia and onto the Great Plains (Whites were discouraged form contact with the Native Americans) �Gold and Silver �Reservations – specific areas set aside by the government for Indians’ use

New Settlers and Native Americans Clash �Sand Creek Massacre – 1884 incident in which Colorado militia killed a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians (video) �Expansion west by whites time again broke promises made by the federal government, the United States Peace Commission concluded that lasting peace would only come when the Indians settled on farms and “became whites. ”

The End of the Indian Wars �Red River War – U. S. failed to fulfill the “Treaty of Medicine Lodge, ” and keep white buffalo hunters off Indian land

Battle of the Little Big Horn �Sitting Bull – famed fighter, trained holy man, first ever chief of the seven bands �Battle of the Little Big Horn – led by Crazy Horse, Custer and all of his men were killed

Chief Joseph �Chief Joseph – led a group of refugees to Canada 1, 300 miles

Wounded Knee �Wounded Knee – sealed the Indians demise after being weakened more than 100 men women and children were killed

The Government Promotes Assimilation �Assimilated – to be absorbed into the main culture of a society �Dawes General Allotment Act – replaced the reservation system with an allotment system. Each family was given 160 -acre farmstead