The Smart Grid Coordination of Standards for Smart

The Smart Grid Coordination of Standards for Smart Grid Distributed Renewables, Generators and Storage DEWG Allen Hefner NIST Smart Grid Team National Institute of Standards and Technology U. S. Department of Commerce

The Today’s Electric Grid Smart Grid Generation Markets and Operations Transmission Distribution One-way flow of electricity Centralized, bulk generation Heavy reliance on coal, natural gas Limited automation Limited situational awareness Consumers lack data to manage energy usage Customer Use

The Smart Grid = Electrical Grid + Intelligence 2 -way flow of electricity and information

The Smart Grid – Paradigm Shift From: v v Vertically integrated monopolies Centralized generation Limited awareness Hierarchical network v Deterministic control v Generation to meet demand v Proprietary architectures and interfaces v Country-specific standardization To: Ø Ø Restructured competitive markets More distributed generation Sensors everywhere Multilevel distributed control and interconnected microgrids Ø Stochastic control Ø Responsive demand, generation and storage Ø Open standards Ø International alignment and standards coordination

The Smart Grid – U. S. National Priority “We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Barack Obama “To meet the energy challenge and create a 21 st century energy economy, we need a 21 st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu “A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke Congressional Priority: EISA 2007, ARRA, oversight, new bills … Administration Priority – www. whitehouse. gov/ostp/ • A Policy Framework for the 21 st Century Grid (June 2011) • Green Button Initiative – available to 35 Million by 2013 – www. nist. gov/smartgrid/greenbutton. cfm

The NIST Role Smart Grid Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) In cooperation with the Do. E, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders, NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”

The White House Kickoff Meeting Smart Grid • Commitment of industry CEOs for their people (staff) to participate in NIST process to accelerate development of a smart grid roadmap • May 18, 2009: Meeting chaired by Secretaries of Energy and Commerce • 66 CEOs and senior executives, federal and state regulators

The US Government Roles in Smart Grid Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy; National Economic Council; Council on Environmental Quality Smart Grid Task Force / National Science & Technology Council - Smart Grid Subcommittee Other Federal Agencies (Do. D, …) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission State FERC – NARUC Smart Response Collaborative State Public Utility Commissions

The NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Plan Smart Grid Stakeholder Outreach NIST Staff and Research & Stds Domain Expert Working Groups (w/ GWAC) NIST / Grass Roots Support 2008 PHASE 1 Initial PHASE 2 Framework Public-Private and Smart Grid Standards Interoperability based on Panel (SGIP) Summer 2009 PHASE 3 workshops, Testing & finalized Certification Jan 2010 NEXT CHAPTER Private-Public “New” Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (2. 0) NIST Smart Grid Research & Standards Program Federal Advisory Committee Input 2009 2010 & 2011 2012 2013 and on

The NIST Framework and Roadmap Smart Grid • Final version 1. 0 January 2010 – Public comments on draft reviewed and addressed http: //www. nist. gov/smartgrid/ • Smart Grid Vision / Model • Priority Action Plans to fill gaps (some completed, new) Conceptual Model • “Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security” NISTIR 7628, published in September 2010 • Release version 2 February 2012 with SGIP involvement • 100 key standards identified – IEC, IEEE, … http: //www. nist. gov/smartgrid/

The Smart Grid NIST Smart Grid Reference Model

The Smart Grid Release 2 adds DER Domain

The NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Panel 1. 0 Smart Grid • • Public‐private partnership created in Nov. 2009 Over 780 member organizations, 1900 participants Open, public process with international participation Coordinates standards development – Identifies Requirements – Prioritizes standards development programs – Works with over 20 SDOs including IEC, ISO, ITU, IEEE, … • New SGIP 2. 0 legal entity now established, private sector driven Web-based participation http: //collaborate. nist. gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/Smart. Grid/SGIP 13

The SGIP Organization (1. 0) Smart Grid

The PAPs - Filling Gaps in the Standards Smart Grid # Priority Action Plan 0 Meter Upgradeability Standard 11 Common Object Models for Electric Transportation 1 Role of IP in the Smart Grid 12 IEC 61850 Objects/DNP 3 Mapping 2 Wireless Communication for the Smart Grid 13 Time Synchronization, IEC 61850 Objects/ IEEE C 37. 118 Harmonization 3 Common Price Communication Model 14 Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping 4 Common Scheduling Mechanism 15 Harmonize Power Line Carrier Standards for Appliance Communications in the Home 5 Standard Meter Data Profiles 16 Wind Plant Communications 6 Common Semantic Model for Meter Data tables 17 Facility Smart Grid Information 7 Electric Storage / DER Interconnection and Object Model Standards 18 SEP 1. x to SEP 2. 0 Transition and Coexistence 8 CIM for Distribution Grid Management 19 Wholesale Demand Response (DR) 9 Standard DR and DER Signals 20 Green Button ESPI Evolution 10 Standard Energy Usage Information 21 Weather Information

The Smart Grid PAP 10, 20: Green Button Information Allow consumers to download standardized data file by clicking online “Green Button” to view their energy use information and send to 3 rd parties for value-added services 7 awards announced in May 2012 to demonstrate and adopt information tools to allow consumers to better manage energy use 20 utilities committed to provide Green Button data access to 31 million customers (as of May 2012) Standard EUI File Format 7 Green Button Apps for Energy awards announced in May-June 2012 to get the most out of Green Button data Value-added Services

The SGIP Organization (1. 0) Smart Grid PAP 7

The Smart Grid PAP 7: Smart Grid ES-DER Standards Task 2: IEEE 1547. 4 for island applications and IEEE 1547. 6 for secondary networks Task 0: Scoping Document Prioritized timeline for ES‐DER standards Task 1: Use Cases, *EPRI PV-ES Inverter Define requirements for different scenarios Task 3: Unified interconnection method with multifunctional operational interface for range a) of storage and generation/storage. b) IEEE 1547. 8 (a) Operational interface c) (b) Storage without gen d (c) PV with storage e) (d) Wind with storage Info exchanges MIC (e) PEV as storage PAPs Task 4: Develop and Harmonize Object Models IEC 61850 -7 -420: Expanded to include • Multifunctional ES‐DER operational interface • Harmonized with CIM & Multi. Speak • Map to MMS, DNP 3, web services, & SEP 2 Task 5: Test, Safe and Reliable Implementation UL 1741, NEC-NFPA 70, SAE, CSA and IEC

The Smart Grid IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards 1547 - 2008 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed P 1547 a Addendum to permit regulation and ride-through Resources with Electric Power Systems (EPS) 1547. 1 - 2005 Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting DR with EPS 1547. 2 - 2008 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnection of DR with EPS 1547. 3 - 2007 Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR P 1547. 4 Guide for Design, Operation, & Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with EPS P 1547. 6 Recommended Practice for Interconnecting DR With EPS Distribution Secondary Networks P 1547. 7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for DR Interconnection Recent 1547 Projects P 1547. 5 Guidelines for Interconnection of EPS >10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid Microgrids P 1547. 8 Extension of 1547, e. g. grid support, energy storage, ride‐thru, etc. http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/scc 21/index. html

The Smart Grid EPRI/Sandia NL Smart Inverter Initiative Map to Protocols Identify Needed Functions Interest Group, Demonstrations, PAP 7, IEEE 1547 Select a Specific Way to Implement each Function Smart Inverter Focus Group Modbus‐ Sunspec DNP 3 Represent in Standard Information Model IEC 61850‐ 7‐ 420 Smart Energy Profile MMS, Web Services, Other Published IEC 61850 -90 -7 Informative document Standards Groups, Funded Efforts courtesy: Brian Seal (EPRI)

The EPRI/SNL Smart Inverter Functions Smart Grid Phase 1 Functions: Phase 2 Functions: • • Voltage Sag Ride-Through • Autonomous Watt-Voltage Management (transient and steadystate) • Autonomous Watt-Frequency Management • Islanding (multiple configurations) • Additions to State/Status Monitoring Connect/Disconnect – Non Islanding Max Generation Level Control Smart VAR Management and PF Storage Management State/Status Monitoring Event Logging Time Adjustment Status: • Detailed Function Definition Complete • Representation in Terms of IEC 61850 Complete (contributions made to IEC) • DNP 3 Mapping Completed • Smart Energy Profile Mapping in Process Status: • In process in coordination with IEEE P 1547. 8 and NIST PAP 7 & DRGS • Will be Added to the DNP 3, SEP 2, and other protocol mappings courtesy: Brian Seal (EPRI)

The EPRI/SNL Volt-Var Control Function Smart Grid Utility-Defined Curve Shapes Volt/Var Mode 2 – Transmission VAR Support VARs Generated Simple Broadcast Capacitive VARs Generated Volt/Var Mode 1 – Normal Regulation Q 1 Capacitive Q 2 System Voltage Q 3 V 4 V 1 V 2 V 3 Inductive Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 V 1 V 2 Inductive courtesy: Brian Seal (EPRI) System Voltage

The SGIP Organization (1. 0) Smart Grid DRGS DEWG

The Distributed Renewables, Generators and Storage Smart Grid • DRGS Domain Expert Working Group initiated September 2011 • Identify Smart Grid standards and interoperability issues/gaps for – Integration of renewable/clean and distributed generators and storage – Operation in high penetration scenarios, weak grids, microgrids, DC grids – Including interaction of high‐bandwidth and high‐inertia type devices • Focus on Smart Grid functions that – mitigate impact of variability and intermittency of renewable generators – enable generators and storage to provide valuable grid supportive services – prevent unintentional islanding and cascading events for clustered devices • Activities of DRGS DEWG – Consistent approaches for generators/storage types and domains – Use cases and information exchange requirements – Define new PAPs to address standards gaps and issues

The Join DRGS DEWG and Subgroup Listservs Smart Grid • To participate in group/subgroups, join the listservs: – Listserv name for the entire DRGS DEWG: SGIP-DRGSWG – Listserv names for the five subgroups: A. B. C. D. E. DRGS Standards Roadmap: SGIP-DRGSSubgroup. A DRGS UCs, Information Exchange, and Object Models: SGIP-DRGSSubgroup. B DRGS Microgrids and Hierarchical Distributed Control: SGIP-DRGSSubgroup. C DRGS Conformity /Interoperability Test/Certification: SGIP-DRGSSubgroup. D DRGS Regulatory and Market Issues Subgroup: SGIP-DRGSSubgroup. E • Instructions: – Visit the SGIP Listserv site and select list serve name you wish to join: http: //www. smartgridlistserv. org/ – First‐time visitors will have to register login information and respond to email. – Then select the listserv name you want to join and follow the instructions to click “join or leave” and then “join” on the next two pages. – To join multiple listserv names, you can use the back button to select another listserv name and again click join on the next two pages. – You must later respond to the conformation email for each listserv you join. – If you do not receive the conformation email, please let us know.

The Sub/Task Group Webinar Meeting Dates Smart Grid Meeting Organizer DRGS DEWG Al Hefner (Leader) Date/Time Topic 02/19 (Tue) 2 -4 pm ET 3 weeks ! Same as Above Ongoing Webinar Series for General DRGS discussions Reregister to update Outlook Meet during DRGS General Meeting Sub. Group A Al Hefner Sub. Group B Frances Cleveland (Leader) 02/04 (M) 2 -3 pm ET Biweekly Ongoing Meetings defining approaches to address highest priority gaps of subgroup Sub. Group C Jim Reilly (Leader) 11/15 (Th) 2 -3 pm ET Biweekly Tam, Al, and Frances help get this started. Sub. Group D John Nunneley (Organizer) Set schedule soon ? ? Sub. Group E Amanda Stallings (leader) DER-IS Al Hefner 02/12 (Tue) 1 -2 pm ET Biweekly Meetings start soon Need Outreach to identify key participants. John will make effort to pick up meetings. UL, … Sunspec has new test activity. Amanda continuing meetings to complete White Paper drafted by Stan. Announced December 2, 2012. Will start near end of February. Link https: //www 2. g otomeeting. co m/register/4087 06978 https: //www 2. g otomeeting. co m/join/8504857 94 https: //www 2. g otomeeting. co m/join/4128420 02 https: //www 2. got omeeting. com/joi n/958543962 https: //www 2. g otomeeting. co m/join/3939298 26

The DRGS DEWG Accomplishments (Dec/Nov 2012) Smart Grid • Formed Subgroups (A, B, C, D, and E) and held Bi‐weekly DRGS General and Subgroup meetings. Subgroups prioritized Issues/Gaps and began to address highest priorities. • Defined format and process for roadmapping smart grid requirements for DRGS key thrusts (DER grid supportive functions, plug and play solar, etc. ), and for aligning DRGS Roadmap with other SGIP groups and international DER roadmaps. • Drafted White Paper on “Potential Regulatory and Market Barriers and Associated Technical Challenges to Deployment of Distributed Generation and Storage” • Coordinated advancement of interoperable smart grid weather information exchange and submitted a PAP proposal that was approved by SGIP. • Held Joint EPRI/DOE/NIST Workshop and initiated activity to define Information Exchange Requirements for DER Interactions with DMS (CIM and Multi. Speak) • Developed initial DER Use Case Classification Matrix and began to define process for identifying key use cases for standards development • Developed initial Terms and Definitions for Microgrid Types and identified goal of defining hierarchal/multilevel distributed control framework • Announced new subgroup on DER Interconnection Standards

The DRGS DEWG 2013 Planned Work Smart Grid • Complete draft roadmap for DRGS thrusts ‐ DRGS General Meeting • Complete white paper addressing regulatory and market issues for DER simultaneously participating in regional and local markets – Subgroup E • Complete UC hierarchy and classification matrix to identify issues/gaps and draft white paper. Subgroup B • Conduct meetings in collaboration with EPRI to define a set of DMS functions for DER ( for CIM and Multi. Speak) – Subgroup C • Develop white paper describing hierarchal/multilevel distributed control framework for DER in coordination with IEC TC 57 WG 17 TF • Initiate DER Interconnection Standards (DER‐IS), Subgroup F • Identify/develop "Failure Scenario" Use Cases that address natural disasters, equipment failures, configuration inadequacies, and cyber‐attack scenarios – Subgroup B

The DER Interactions with DMS (Subgroup C) Smart Grid • Collaborative undertaking of EPRI, DOE EERE, and NIST regarding Distributed Energy Resources (DER) (including generation, storage, and inverter functions) and their integration, support, and interaction with Distribution Management Systems (DMS). • Brings together a group of utility distribution management experts, DMS software, and DER specialists, to identify a starting list (core set) of practical, useful, DER / DMS interactions. • Provide the industry with a valuable point of reference for DER integration and guidance to standards development organizations. courtesy: Brian Seal and Kristen Nicole (EPRI)

The DER Interconnection Standards Subgroup F Smart Grid • DOE and NIST encourage participation in new DRGS DEWG subgroup on DER Interconnection Standards • Purpose: coordinate U. S. and international DER Interconnection Standards development efforts, e. g. , – IEEE 1547 Amendment to permit voltage regulation and ride through of abnormal voltage, frequency conditions – IEEE P 1547. 8 recommended practice standard for advanced applications – IEC TC 8/1308/NP on consumer domain energy source interconnection • Also, serve as a model for coordinating other DOE supported Smart Grid standards activities

P 1547. 8: Recommended Practice … for Smart Expanded Use of IEEE 1547 Grid The • Example considerations in P 1547. 8 include: – – – voltage regulation; voltage and frequency ride thru; grid support (including volt‐ampere reactive support); two‐way monitoring, information exchange and control; advanced/interactive grid‐DR operations; high‐penetration levels and multiple interconnections; interactive inverters/interconnection systems; energy storage; system protection DR greater than 10 MVA (individual and aggregate); etc. courtesy: Tom Basso (NREL)

P 1547 a: IEEE Std 1547 Amendment 1 Smart Grid The • IEEE Std 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources (DR) with Electric Power Systems (EPS) • Inaugural meeting Nov. 29 – 30, 2012 • Target: CY 2013 ballot • Amendment addresses changes to three 1547 topics: Ø Voltage regulation Ø Response to area EPS abnormal conditions – Voltage Ø Response to area EPS abnormal conditions – Frequency Visit: http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/scc 21/1547 a_logistics. html courtesy: Tom Basso (NREL)

The Contact Information Smart Grid George Arnold National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability george. arnold@nist. gov David Wollman Dean Prochaska david. wollman@nist. gov dean. prochaska@nist. gov Al Hefner Allen. hefner@nist. gov US Government Smart Grid Website: http: //www. smartgrid. gov/ NIST Smart Grid Website: http: //www. nist. gov/smartgrid/ NIST SGIP Collaborative Twiki site: http: //collaborate. nist. gov/twiki‐sggrid/bin/view/Smart. Grid/