The Smart Grid Coordination and Acceleration of Standards

The Smart Grid Coordination and Acceleration of Standards for Smart Grid – Status of PAP 7 and DRGS DEWG Allen Hefner NIST Smart Grid Team National Institute of Standards and Technology U. S. Department of Commerce

The Smart Grid – U. S. National Priority “We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Barack Obama “To meet the energy challenge and create a 21 st century energy economy, we need a 21 st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu “A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke Congressional Priority: EISA 2007, ARRA, oversight, new bills … Administration Policy development: http: //www. whitehouse. gov/administration/eop/ostp

The NIST Role Smart Grid Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) In cooperation with the Do. E, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders, NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”

The NIST Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability Smart Grid PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps § NIST role PHASE 2 Establish Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) publicprivate forum with governance for ongoing efforts PHASE 3 Conformity Framework (includes Testing and Certification) Summer 2009 workshops NIST Interoperability Framework 1. 0 Draft Released Sept 2009 NIST Interoperability Framework 1. 0 Final Released Jan 2010 SGIP established Nov 2009 NIST Interoperability Framework 2. 0 Soon… 2009 2010 2011

The NIST Framework and Roadmap Smart Grid • Final version 1. 0 January 2010 – Public comments on draft reviewed and addressed http: //www. nist. gov/smartgrid/ • Smart Grid Vision / Model • 75 key standards identified – IEC, IEEE, … Conceptual Model • Priority Action Plans to fill gaps (some completed, new) • “Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security” NISTIR 7628, published in September 2010 • Release 2 revision is underway, with Smart Grid Interoperability Panel involvement http: //www. nist. gov/smartgrid/

The NIST Smart Grid Architecture Model Smart Grid

The Smart Grid Distributed Energy Resource Domain

The NIST Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability Smart Grid PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps § NIST role PHASE 2 Establish Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) publicprivate forum with governance for ongoing efforts PHASE 3 Conformity Framework (includes Testing and Certification) Summer 2009 workshops NIST Interoperability Framework 1. 0 Draft Released Sept 2009 NIST Interoperability Framework 1. 0 Final Released Jan 2010 SGIP established Nov 2009 NIST Interoperability Framework 2. 0 Soon… 2009 2010 2011

The NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Smart Grid • • Public-private partnership created in Nov. 2009 Over 660 member organizations, 1700 participants Open, public process with international participation Coordinates standards development – Identifies Requirements – Prioritizes standards development programs – Works with over 20 SDOs including IEC, ISO, ITU, IEEE, … • Web-based participation SGIP Twiki: http: //collaborate. nist. gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/Smart. Grid/SGIP 9

The SGIP Organization Smart Grid SGIP Officers Governing Board NIST SGIP Administrator Test & Certification Committee (SGTCC) Architecture Committee (SGAC) Cyber Security Working Group (CSWG) Comm. Marketing Education (CME) PAP 2 PAP 3 PAP 4 PAP … PAP 17 Priority Action Plan Teams Standing Committees & Working Groups Program Mgmt Office (PMO) PAP 1 Bylaws & Operating Procedures (BOP) Coordination Functions Bn. P H 2 G B 2 G Tn. D I 2 G PEV 2 G DRGS Electromagnetic Interoperability Domain Expert Working Groups SGIP Membership

The SGIP Organization Smart Grid SGIP Officers Governing Board NIST PAP 7 SGIP Administrator Test & Certification Committee (SGTCC) Architecture Committee (SGAC) Cyber Security Working Group (CSWG) Comm. Marketing Education (CME) PAP 2 PAP 3 PAP 4 PAP … PAP 17 Priority Action Plan Teams Standing Committees & Working Groups Program Mgmt Office (PMO) PAP 1 Bylaws & Operating Procedures (BOP) Coordination Functions Bn. P H 2 G B 2 G Tn. D I 2 G PEV 2 G DRGS Electromagnetic Interoperability Domain Expert Working Groups SGIP Membership

The PAPs - Filling Gaps in the Standards Smart Grid # Priority Action Plan 0 Meter Upgradeability Standard 9 Standard DR and DER Signals 1 Role of IP in the Smart Grid 10 Standard Energy Usage Information 2 Wireless Communication for the Smart Grid 11 Common Object Models for Electric Transportation 3 Common Price Communication Model 12 IEC 61850 Objects/DNP 3 Mapping 4 Common Scheduling Mechanism 13 Time Synchronization, IEC 61850 Objects/ IEEE C 37. 118 Harmonization 5 Standard Meter Data Profiles 14 Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping 6 Common Semantic Model for Meter Data tables 15 Harmonize Power Line Carrier Standards for Appliance Communications in the Home 7 Electric Storage / DER Interconnection and Object Model Standards 16 Wind Plant Communications 8 CIM for Distribution Grid Management 17 Facility Smart Grid Information 18 SEP 1. x to SEP 2. 0 Transition and Coexistence

The Smart Grid PAP 7: Smart Grid ES-DER Standards SG Standards Need • Interconnection and object model standards needed for: – DER grid operational interface with dispatchable: VAR, V, F, etc. – support for energy storage devices (ES), including PEV – and hybrid generation-storage systems (ES-DER) PAP Major Objectives • Revised and updated consistent guidelines and standards: – Involve broad set of Stakeholders: SDOs, utilities, vendor, etc. – Scoping Document to determine priorities and timeline for standards development for spectrum of applications – IEEE 1547 revisions for urgent applications – Consistent object models for DER, ES-DER in IEC 61850 -7 -420 – UL, NEC-NFPA 70, SAE guidelines for safe, reliable implementation 13

The Smart Grid PAP 7: Task Interactions Task 2: IEEE 1547. 4 for island applications and IEEE 1547. 6 for secondary networks Task 0: Scoping Document Prioritized timeline for ES-DER standards Task 1: Use Cases, *EPRI PV-ES Inverter Define requirements for different scenarios Task 3: Unified interconnection method with multifunctional operational interface for range ofa) storage and generation/storage. b)IEEE 1547. 8 (a) Operational interface (b) Storage without gen c) (c) PV with storage d (d) Wind with storage (e) PEV as storage e) Info exchanges MIC PAPs Task 4: Develop and Harmonize Object Models IEC 61850 -7 -420: Expanded to include • Multifunctional ES-DER operational interface • Harmonized with CIM & Multi. Speak • Map to MMS, DNP 3, web services, & SEP 2 Task 5: Test, Safe and Reliable Implementation UL Implementation 1741, NEC-NFPA 70, SAE, CSA and IEC 14

The Smart Grid PAP 7: Status • Task 1: Use cases and advanced function descriptions – Use cases and supporting information posted on PAP 7 page – EPRI Inverter Comm. Project - descriptions of advanced functions • Task 2: Accelerate completion of existing IEEE 1547. 4 & 1547. 6 – IEEE Std 1547. 4 was published in 2011 – IEEE Std 1547. 6 was published in 2011 • Task 3: Initiate new IEEE 1547. 8 for advanced functions – IEEE 1547. 8 third draft underway (Meeting Feb 2012) – Teleconferences used to expedite progress on drafts – Coordinating communications group with other groups • Task 4: Two-stage process to expedite IEC 61850 -7 -420 update – Stage 1: Publish official, informative-only, IEC Technical Report: IEC 61850 -90 -7 submitted to the IEC TC 57 WG 17 – Stage 2: Develop and publish normative edition 2 of IEC 61850 -7 -420 • Task 5: Test, Safe & Reliable Implementation: NEC, UL 1741

The Smart Grid IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards 1547 - 2008 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems 1547. 1 - 2005 Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting DR with EPS 1547. 2 - 2008 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnection of DR with EPS 1547. 3 - 2007 Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR P 1547. 5 Guidelines for Interconnection of EPS >10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid P 1547. 6 Recommended Practice for Interconnecting DR With EPS Distribution Secondary Networks P 1547. 7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for DR Interconnection http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/scc 21/index. html Microgrids Current 1547 Projects P 1547. 4 Guide for Design, Operation, & Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with EPS P 1547. 8 (new) Extension of 1547, e. g. grid support, energy storage, ride-thru, etc.

The Smart Grid EPRI/Sandia NL Smart Inverter Initiative Map to Protocols Identify Needed Functions Interest Group, Demonstrations, PAP 7, IEEE 1547 Select a Specific Way to Implement each Function Focus Group, Others? Represent Information in Standard Information Model (IEC 61850) Focus Group, IEC Working Group DNP 3 Smart Energy Profile MMS, Web Services, Other Standards Groups, Funded Efforts

The EPRI/SNL Smart Inverter Functions Smart Grid Phase 1 Functions: Phase 2 Functions: • • Voltage Sag Ride-Through • Autonomous Watt-Voltage Management (transient and steadystate) • Autonomous Watt-Frequency Management • Islanding • Additions to State/Status Monitoring Connect/Disconnect – Non Islanding Max Generation Level Control Smart VAR Management and PF Storage Management State/Status Monitoring Event Logging Time Adjustment Status: • Detailed Function Definition Complete • Representation in Terms of IEC 61850 Complete (contributions made to IEC) • DNP 3 Mapping Completed • Smart Energy Profile Mapping in Process Status: • In process in coordination with IEEE P 1547. 8 and NIST PAP 7 • Will be Added to the DNP 3, SEP 2, and other protocol mappings courtesy: Brian Seal (EPRI)

The EPRI/SNL Volt-Var Control Function Smart Grid Utility-Defined Curve Shapes Volt/Var Mode 2 – Transmission VAR Support VARs Generated Simple Broadcast Capacitive VARs Generated Volt/Var Mode 1 – Normal Regulation Q 1 Capacitive Q 2 System Voltage Q 3 V 4 V 1 V 2 V 3 Inductive Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 V 1 V 2 Inductive courtesy: Brian Seal (EPRI) System Voltage

The SGIP Organization Smart Grid SGIP Officers Governing Board NIST SGIP Administrator Test & Certification Committee (SGTCC) Architecture Committee (SGAC) Cyber Security Working Group (CSWG) Comm. Marketing Education (CME) PAP 2 PAP 3 PAP 4 PAP … PAP 17 Priority Action Plan Teams New DRGS DEWG Standing Committees & Working Groups Program Mgmt Office (PMO) PAP 1 Bylaws & Operating Procedures (BOP) Coordination Functions Bn. P H 2 G B 2 G Tn. D I 2 G PEV 2 G DRGS Electromagnetic Interoperability Domain Expert Working Groups SGIP Membership

The Distributed Renewables, Generators, Storage Smart Grid • DRGS DEWG initiated September 2011 • Identify Smart Grid standards and interoperability issues/gaps for – Integration of renewable/clean and distributed generators and storage – Operation in high penetration scenarios, weak grids, microgrids, DC grids – Including interaction of high-bandwidth and high-inertia type devices • Of particular importance are Smart Grid functions that – mitigate impact of variability and intermittency of renewable generators – enable generators and storage to provide valuable grid supportive services – prevent unintentional islanding and cascading events for clustered devices • Activities of new group – Consistent approaches for generators/storage types and domains – Use cases and information exchange requirements – Define new PAPs to address standards gaps and issues • Join: http: //collaborate. nist. gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/Smart. Grid/DRGS

The DRGS DEWG Initial Topics Smart Grid 1) International DER Interconnection Standard 2) Consistent object models for different generator and storage device types, 3) 4) different domains and constraints – in different standards, international Process for continued development of advanced grid supportive generator and storage functions Grid supportive functions at Microgrid/EMS area Point-of-Connection – – Premises Local EMS with no ability to remote disconnect Microgrid with EMS and ability to disconnect/reconnect from Area EPS Power electronic flow controller interconnected Microgrids Power electronic converter interconnected DC Microgrids/DC circuits 5) Information exchange requirements for operation of DER in scenarios – Management of DER by Distribution System, Microgrid, or Premises EMS – Autonomous interaction of DER with IEDs (breakers, switches) and/or other DER – High penetration and weak grid conditions 6) Conformity and interoperability testing 7) Regulatory/market issues for distributed, variable/constrained

The DRGS Work Plan Smart Grid Subgroups to further define issues, gaps and action plans: A. B. C. D. E. DRGS Standards Roadmap DRGS Use Cases, Information Exchange, and Object Models DRGS Microgrids and Hierarchical Distributed Control DRGS Conformity and Interoperability Test and Certification DRGS Regulatory and Market Issues Meetings format/schedule: – Subgroups meet and report out as sessions during bi-weekly webinar – Alternate weeks used for additional subgroup meetings Timeline and Deliverables: – Subgroup descriptions, leaders, and participants - February – Descriptions of issues and DRGS actions for priority action items - March – Roadmap for DRGS DEWG to address issues and gaps - April

The Contact Information Smart Grid George Arnold National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability george. arnold@nist. gov David Wollman david. wollman@nist. gov Dean Prochaska dean. prochaska@nist. gov Al Hefner Allen. hefner@nist. gov US Government Smart Grid Website: http: //www. smartgrid. gov/ NIST Smart Grid Website: http: //www. nist. gov/smartgrid/ NIST SGIP Collaborative Twiki site: http: //collaborate. nist. gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/Smart. Grid/