The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms

The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions 1. Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? 2. Unicellular or Multicellular? 3. Producer or Consumer? 4. Does it have a cell wall or not? 5. Does it live in extreme environments?

DNA Nucleus with DNA

1 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

1 2 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3

Cell 1 Membrane Prokaryotic Cells 2 DNA Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm 3

Cell 1 Membrane 1 2 Prokaryotic Cells 3 2 DNA Eukaryotic Cells 4 5 Cytoplasm 3

1 2 Prokaryotic Cells 3 4 5

Bacteria 1 No Nucleus 2 No Organelles 3 4 Unicellular Microscopic 5 Prokaryotic Cells

Bacteria Cell 1 Membrane 1 2 No Nucleus No Organelles Prokaryotic Cells 2 DNA 3 4 5 Eukaryotic Cells Unicellular Microscopic 6 Cytoplasm 3 7

Organelles 1 2 Nucleus 3 Multicellular organisms Eukaryotic Cells 4 Protists 5 Plants 6 Fungi 7 Animals

Bacteria Cell 1 Membrane Organelles 1 2 Nucleus No Organelles Prokaryotic Cells 2 DNA Multicellu Eukaryotic Cells Protists 5 Plants Unicellular Microscopic Cytoplasm 3 Fungi Animals

• Unicellular – organisms that exist in nature as a single cell; usually microscopic • Multicellular – organisms that are more complex; usually with tissues and organs

• Producers – (a. k a. autotrophs) organisms that can carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy • Consumers – (a. k. a. heterotrophs) organism that eat producers or other consumers to obtain energy

Kingdom Archaebacteria 1. Prokaryote 2. Have a cell wall and some use flagella or cilia for movement 3. Unicellular 4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic 5. Asexual 6. Methanogens and halophiles – Live in very extreme environments – Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom – Can be helpful & harmful

Kingdom Eubacteria 1. Prokaryote 2. Have cell walls and some use flagella or cilia for movement 3. Unicellular 4. Autotrophic or Heterotrophic 5. Asexual 6. E-coli & Streptococcus – Can be helpful & harmful – Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere

Kingdom Protista 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Eukaryote Nucleus, and many other organelles Most unicellular or some multicellular Autotrophs or heterotrophs Most reproduce asexually, some sexually Paramecium. Amoeba, algae – – Very diverse kingdom The “Junk Drawer”

Algae

Kingdom Fungi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Eukaryote Nucleus and many organelles; cell walls of chitin Multicellular (except yeast) All Heterotrophs– they eat! Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually Examples: Mushrooms, mold, lichens – – Important decomposers Nature’s Recyclers

Kingdom Plantae 1. Eukaryote 2. Nucleus and many organelles, cell walls of cellulose 3. All Multicellular 4. All are Autotrophs 5. Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually 6. Trees, grass, ferns – Oxygen producers

Kingdom Animalia 1. Eukaryote 2. Nucleus and many organelles, do not have cell walls 3. All Multicellular 4. All Heterotrophs 5. Reproduce sexually or asexually 6. Examples: insects, fish, humans – Hey! That’s You!

Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches Section 4 -2 Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Spruce tree Go to Section: Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches

Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains Section 18 -3 DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms DOMAIN BACTERIA Go to Section: Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

Figure 18 -12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18 -3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN Bacteria KINGDOM Eubacteria CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Eukarya Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglyc an Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION Autotroph/ heterotroph EXAMPLES Strep. , E- coli Go to Section: Archaea Protist web site

Figure 18 -12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18 -3 Classification of Living Things Eukarya DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea KINGDOM Eubacteria Archaebacteria CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglyc an Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION Autotroph/ heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES Strep. , E- coli X-tremophiles Go to Section: Protist web site

Figure 18 -12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18 -3 Classification of Living Things Eukarya DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea KINGDOM Eubacteria Archaebacteria CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell walls with peptidoglyc an Cell walls without peptidoglycan Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION Autotroph/ heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES Strep. , E- coli X-tremophiles Go to Section: Protista Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Protist web site

Figure 18 -12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18 -3 Classification of Living Things Eukarya DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea KINGDOM Eubacteria Archaebacteria CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Fungi Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell walls with peptidoglyc an Cell walls without peptidoglycan Cell walls of cellulose in chitin some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION Autotroph/ heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES Strep. , E- coli X-tremophiles Go to Section: Protista Autotroph or heterotroph Eukaryote Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, Amoeba, yeasts Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Protist web site

Figure 18 -12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18 -3 Classification of Living Things Eukarya DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea KINGDOM Eubacteria Archaebacteria CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Fungi Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell walls with peptidoglyc an Cell walls without peptidoglycan Cell walls of cellulose in chitin some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION Autotroph/ heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES Strep. , E- coli X-tremophiles Go to Section: Protista Autotroph or heterotroph Eukaryote Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Most multicellular; some unicellular Multicellular Heterotroph Autotroph Mushrooms, Amoeba, yeasts Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Protist web site Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

Figure 18 -12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18 -3 Classification of Living Things Eukarya DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea KINGDOM Eubacteria Archaebacteria CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Fungi Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell walls with peptidoglyc an Cell walls without peptidoglycan Cell walls of cellulose in chitin some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION Autotroph/ heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES Strep. , E- coli X-tremophiles Go to Section: Protista Autotroph or heterotroph Eukaryote Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Most multicellular; some unicellular Multicellular Heterotroph Autotroph Mushrooms, Amoeba, yeasts Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Protist web site Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

Concept Map Section 18 -3 Living Things are characterized by Eukaryotic cells and differing Important characteristics which place them in Cell wall structures such as Domain Eukarya Prokaryotic cells which is subdivided into which place them in Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea which coincides with Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Go to Section: Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista Kingdom Animalia

Levels of Organization Section 1 -3 Biosphere Ecosystem The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Biosphere Community and its nonliving surroundings Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Community Populations that live together in a defined area Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Population Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Bison herd Go to Section:

Levels of Organization continued Section 1 -3 Organism Individual living thing Bison Tissues, organs, Groups of and organ systems Cells Brain Nervous tissue Cells Nervous system Smallest functional unit of life Nerve cell Groups of atoms; smallest unit of Molecules most chemical compounds Go to Section: Water DNA

Abiotic and Biotic Factors Section 4 -2 Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM Go to Section: