The Six Kingdoms An Overview Before the six
The Six Kingdoms An Overview
Before the six kingdoms, there were… • After Linnaeus created his two-word naming system, scientists only recognized 2 kingdoms – Plantae (plants) & Animalia (animals) • Because of the increase in knowledge of living organisms and the invention of the microscope, biologists have added complexity and detail to the classification system
Before the six kingdoms, there were… • In the 1800’s, scientists noticed differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, so they added a kingdom for the prokaryotes • Then, there were 5 kingdoms – Monera (prokaryotes), Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia • In the 1900’s, scientists noticed two major groups of prokaryotes in the Kingdom Monera
The Six Kingdoms Today: DOMAIN BACTERIA • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria DOMAIN ARCHAEA • Protista • Fungi DOMAIN EUKARYA • Plantae The 6 Kingdoms are sorted into 3 domains because scientists see • Animalia major differences among them
What about Viruses? • Viruses don’t have a place in the Linnaean classification system because they are not considered living – they are missing key characteristics of living organisms – For example, viruses do have genetic material, but they cannot reproduce on their own. – Viruses reproduce by infecting cells.
Major Characteristics that define Kingdoms and Domains • • • Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) Cell Structure (cell walls or no cell walls) Number of Cells (unicellular or multicellular) Nutrition (autotroph or heterotroph) Reproduction (asexual or sexual)
Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Eubacteria • • Common name is bacteria Cell type: prokaryotic Cell structure: cell wall with peptidoglycan Number of cells: unicellular Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic Mode of reproduction: asexual - binary fission Other information: Most are beneficial Examples: E. coli & Streptococcus pneumoniae
Domain: Archaea Kingdom: Archaebacteria Common name is archaea Cell type: prokaryotic Cell structure: cell wall with unique lipids Number of cells: unicellular Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic Mode of reproduction: asexual - binary fission Other information: live in extreme environments • Examples: Staphylothermus marinus • •
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protista Common name is protists Cell type: eukaryotic Cell structure: some species have cell wall Number of cells: unicellular or multicellular Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic Mode of reproduction: sexual & asexual Other information: not a natural group but a “left-over” taxon. Most are marine. • Examples: paramecium • •
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi Common name is Fungi Cell type: eukaryotic Cell structure: cell walls with chitin Number of cells: mostly multicellular Nutrition: heterotrophic by absorption Mode of reproduction: sexual Other information: Some fungi taste great and others can kill you • Examples: mushrooms, mold & mildew • •
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Common name is Plants Cell type: eukaryotic Cell structure: cell walls with cellulose Number of cells: multicellular Nutrition: autotrophic Mode of reproduction: sexual & asexual Other information: range from tiny mosses to giant trees • Examples: flowering plants • •
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Common name is Animals Cell type: eukaryotic Cell structure: no cell walls Number of cells: multicellular Nutrition: heterotrophic by ingestion Mode of reproduction: sexual Other information: found in every type of environment (air, water, land…) • Examples: bottle-nose dolphin, monarch butterfly • •
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