The Simple Past The ed ending pronunciation and

The Simple Past The –ed ending: pronunciation and spelling Irregular verbs © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Simple past: regular verbs n Use: n Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started n n n n and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. Form: We add the suffix –ed in + sentences. Example: She played the violin very well last night. We use DID or DIDN’T in ? and – sentences Example: Did you call me yesterday? I didn’t have my mobile on. When answering: Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. In the simple past, the verb does not change for the different subject pronouns. © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

POSITIVE I played You played He played We played You played They played NEGATIVE I did not play You did not play He did not play We did not play You did not play They did not play QUESTION Did I play? Did you play? Did he play? Did we play? Did you play? Did they play? NEGATIVE QUESTION Didn't I play? Didn't you play? Didn't he play? Didn't we play? Didn't you play? Didn't they play? © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

The verb to be POSITIVE I was You were He was We were You were They were QUESTION Was I? Were you? Was he? Were we? Were you? Were they? NEGATIVE I was not / wasn't You were not / weren't He was not / wasn't We were not / weren't You were not / weren't They were not / weren't NEGATIVE QUESTION Wasn't I? Weren't you? Wasn't he? Weren't we? Weren't you? Weren't they? © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Spelling of the ending -ed n n n n n Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the y and add –ied E. g. cry → cried Verbs ending in one –e simply add –d E. g. move → moved One syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant double the final consonant E. g. stop → stopped Except: verbs ending in -y, -w, -x E. g. snow → snowed, play → played, fix → fixed Verbs of two or more syllables ending in one vowel+ one consonant also double the final consonant if the stress is on the last syllable. n E. g. prefer → preferred n Except: travel → travelled, cancel → cancelled (UK English only) © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Time expressions n Frequency adverbs n Yesterday, the day before yesterday… n Last night, last week, last month, last year… n The last time you called n Two days ago, a week ago, 5 years ago… n In 1999, in October, in the summer… n At 7 o'clock, at midnight, in the evening… n For a while, for some time, for a month… n Lately, recently © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Pronunciation of the –ed ending n n n If the verb ends in the sound /t/ or /d/ we pronounce the ending /id/ E. g. fade → faded If the verb ends in a voiceless consonant other than /t/ we pronounce the ending /t/ E. g. laugh → laughed If the verb ends in a voiced consonant other than /d/ or vowel sound we pronounce the ending /d/ n E. g. beg → begged, pray → prayed n Voiceless consonants: /p/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /t∫/, /θ/ n Voiced consonants: /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /d /, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, / / © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Exercise: write the past tense of the following verbs and put them in the correct column. discover – laugh – destroy – survive – crash – jump visit – change – travel – introduce – need - worry /d/ /t/ /id/ n n n Discovered Destroyed Survived Travelled Worried Changed n Laughed n Crashed n Jumped n Introduced © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 n Visited n Needed

Irregular verbs: All 3 forms are similar Base Form Past Simple Form Past Participle Form Phonetic Symbols bet bet be bid bid b d broadcast br dk s burst b : s cost k s cut cut k hit hit h hurt h : let let le put put p quit kw set set se shut split spl spread spred © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Past Simple and Past Participle are the same Past Participle Form Base Form Past Simple Form bend bent ben bring br brought br build built b l buy ba bought b catch k caught k creep kri p crept krep deal d l dealt del © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

dig d g dug d g feed fi: d fed feel fi: l felt fel fight fa fought f find fa nd found fa nd flee fli: fled get ge got (gotten) g hang h hung h have h v had h d hear h heard h d hold held held © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

keep ki: p kept kep kneel ni: l knelt nel lay le laid lead li: d led leave li: v left lef lend lent len light la lit li lose lu: z lost l s make me k made me d mean mi: n meant men meet mi: met me © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

pay pe paid pe d read ri: d read red say se said sed seek si: k sought s sell sel sold send sent sen shine a n shone n shoot u: n shot sit s sat s sleep sli: p slept slep slide sla d slid s ld spend spent spen © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

spit sp spat sp stand stood s d stick s k stuck s k sting s stung s strike s ra k struck s r k sweep swi: p swept swep swing sw swung sw teach i: taught tell el told ld think k thought understand nd s nd understood nd s d weep wi: p wept wep win w n won w n © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Base Form and Past Simple are the same beat bi: beaten bi: n Base Form and Past Simple are the same become bi: k m became bi: ke become m come k m came ke m come k m run r n ran r n run r n © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 bi: k m

All forms are different arise raiz arose r z arisen r z n awake we k awoke w k awoken w k n be bi: was/were w z/w : been bi: n begin b g n began b g n begun b g n bite ba bit b bitten b n blow bl blew blu: blown bl n break bre k broke choose u z chosen z n do du did d d done d n draw dr drew dru drawn drink drank broken © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 dr nk drunk br k n dr nk

eat i: ate e eaten i: n fall f fell fel fallen f l n fly fla flew flu: flown fl n forbid f b d forbade f be d forbidden f b d n forget f ge forgot f g forgotten f g n forgive f g v forgave f ge forgiven v freeze fri: z froze fr z frozen fr z n give g v gave ge v given g v n go g went wen gone g n grow gr grew gru: grown gr n hide ha d hidden hid n © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 hid f g v n

know n knew nju: known n n lie la lay le lain le n mistake m s e mistook k m s k mistaken m s e k n ride ra d rode r d ridden r d n ring r rang r rung r rise ra z rose r z risen r z n see si: saw s seen si: n sew s sewed s d sewn s n © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

shake e k shook k shaken e k n showed d shown n shrink r nk shrank r nk shrunk r nk sink s k sank s k sunk s k sing s sang s sung s speak spi: k spoke sp k spoken sp k n spring sprang sprung spr steal s i: l stole s l stolen s l n © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

stink s k stank s stunk s swear swea swore sw sworn sw n swim swam swum sw m take e k took k taken e k n tear ea tore torn n throw r threw ru: thrown r n wake we k woke w k woken w k n wear wea wore w worn w n write ra wrote r written r n © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

Confusing verbs n Lie – lied (mentir) n /la / - /la d/ n lying n Lie – lay – lain (estar tumbado) n /la / - /le n/ n lying n Lay – laid (poner la mesa) n /le / - /le d/ n laying © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008