THE SILENT KILLER HYPERTENSION HYPERTENSION BLOOD pressure that
THE SILENT KILLER HYPERTENSION
HYPERTENSION �BLOOD pressure that is above normal for sustained period.
�Most common health problem In adults and the leading cause of cardiovascular disorder.
�Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Amedical condition in which constricted arterial blood vessels
�increase the resistance to blood flow, causing an increase in blood pressure against vessel walls.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS �Most of the time, there are no symptoms. �Asymptomatic. �Idiopathic.
Symptoms that may occur include: �Confusion �Ear noise or buzzing �Fatigue �Headache
�Irregular heartbeat �Nosebleed �Vision changes �Shorthness of breath �Decrease energy
ETIOLOGY �Hypertension is classified into primary and secondary hypertension. Primary no definite cause.
�increase the resistance to blood flow, causing an increase in blood pressure against vessel walls.
�Secondary hypertension it usually the result of some other primary diseases leading to hypertension such as renal disease.
�Primary hypertension is attributed to atherosclerosis.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY �KIDNEY: release renin into the bloodstream. �LIVER: rennin helps convert angiotensin to angiotensin I
�LUNGS: angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II �KIDNEY: angiotensine II causes arterial constriction and aldosterone secretion.
�ALDOSTERONE : cause sodium and water retention �Retained sodium and water increase blod volume.
�Arterial constriction increases peripheral vascular resistance. �Increased blood volume and vascular resistance cause hypertension.
RISK FACTORS �Family history �Sedentary lifestyle �Obesity �Continual stress
�Advancing age �Cigarette smoking �Excessive Alcohol consumption �High K intake, ca, and mg
�High- fat and calorie diet �Stress �Use of contraceptive drugs
TREATMENT �Diuretics Ex. Hydrochlorothiazide (aldoril, aproside) Furosemide(lasix)
�Beta blockers Ex. Atenol(tenormin) Metoprolol (lopressor)
�ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers Ex. Benazepril (lotensin) Quinapril (accupril)
�Calcium channel blockers Ex. Captopril (capoten, capozide) Enalapril (vasotec, vaseretic)
�Sympathetic Nerve Blocker
�Exercise regularly. �Reduce stress. �Stay at a healthy body weight.
NURSING INTERVENTION �DASH type can decrease or lower BP @ 2 weeks. �Stay away for the fast food.
�If you smoke, quit! �Limit how much alcohol you drink -- 1 drink a day for women, 2 a day for men.
�Eat a heart-healthy diet, including K and fiber, and drink plenty of water. �Limit the amount of Na you eat
�If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under control. �Lose weight if you are overweight. Excess weight adds to strain on the heart. In some.
DIAGNOSE �The best way to diagnose hypertension is to check your BP frequently.
That’s all THANK YOU! GODBLESS US ALL
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