The Second World War Mr Ermer World History

The Second World War Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High

Path To War n 1920 s: Hitler tells Germans they are destined to rule “a land to the east” n n 1935: Hitler creates an air force, starts draft n n n This violates Treaty of Versailles 1936: Germany militarizes the Rhineland Britain takes policy of “appeasement” Hitler backs up Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia n n Starts preparing for war with Soviet Union Both support Franco in Spanish Civil War Germany signs anti-commie treaty with Japan Mussolini calls partnership Berlin-Rome Axis

Nazis on the March n n 1938: Germany annexes Austria Hitler demands part of Czechoslovakia n n 1939: Hitler takes the rest of western Czech n n n Munich conf. grants Hitler the Sudetenland Hitler also controls “independent” Slovakia Hitler threatens Poland, Britain offers help France and Britain begin to negotiate with Joseph Stalin, know Soviets are powerful enough to hold off Germany in E. Europe

Nazis and Communism n To prevent a two front war (like WWI) Hitler makes agreement with Stalin Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact n Promises Stalin half of Poland the Baltics n Hitler plans to take those lands back when he attacks the Soviet Union anyway n n n September 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland September 3, 1939: The United Kingdom and France declare war on Germany

Japan’s Path To War n n September 1931: Japan seizes Manchuria League of Nations condemns the attack n n Japanese begin to expand into N. China n n n Japan pulls out of the League of Nations China was in the middle of civil war 1936: Chiang Kai-shek (non-Communist) joins forces with Communists against Japanese, Japan takes capital of Nanjing Cheng moves the government upriver

New Asian Order n n Japan wants the Chinese to join them in a New Asian Order where Japan can lead all of East Asia to prosperity, and power Japan wants eastern Russia (Siberia) n n n Japan and Germany join forces against USSR Germany’s nonaggression pact with Stalin makes Japan look south for resources Japan invades SE Asia, Europe/US not happy US imposes sanctions on Japan launches a surprise attack on US and European targets in the Pacific/SE Asia

Japan At War n December 7, 1941: Japan bombs Hawaii n n n Also attack US Philippines and British Malaya April 1942: Japan controls most of Asia and western Pacific Ocean Japan establishes a “community” in Asia Japanese attacks unify Americans for war Hitler declares war on the United States, thinking the US will be distracted by Japan The world is at war—again.

Europe At War n n n Europe is stunned by efficiency of Nazi army Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” 300 tanks supported by air and ground support April 9, 1940: Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway May 10: attack Netherlands, Belgium, France June 22: France surrenders, Germans control 3/5 of France, set up puppet government United States denounces Germany, stays out of war—isolationism, but supplies UK with weapons, food, planes, ships, supplies

The Battle of Britain n August 1940: German Luftwaffe launches air attack of Great Britain—military only Radar provides British early warning British bomb Berlin, Hitler unleashes brutal air attack of British cities—London n Allows Britain to quickly rebuild air force Luftwaffe having trouble with new air force Hitler postpones invasion of Britain

Attack on the Soviets n Hitler thinks UK holding for hope of USSR n n Soviets did not have weapons like Germany n n Hitler expects Soviets to go down quick Originally wanted to invade March 1941 n n Hitler wants British gone, attacks Soviets Mussolini’s failed invasion of Greece delays plans Hitler invades USSR June 22, 1941 Germany advances quickly, but Soviets stop them in early winter Germans unprepared for Russian winter, fail

Battle of Stalingrad

New European Order n When Germans conquered eastern Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and repopulating the area with Germans Plans set in motion soon after taking over n Himmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs n n n 1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves Einsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews 6 million Jews also killed in death squads 13 million orphaned children in Europe

New Asian Order n Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics” n n Resources used to benefit Japanese n n n Puppet governments established 1944 -45: over 1 million Vietnamese starve Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals Used captured people as slaves Rebels coordinate with American forces POWs forced into labor for Japanese

“The Raping of Nanjing” 280, 000 Chinese killed 80, 000 women raped

Mobilization of America n WWII=more total war than WWI n n n United States provides weapons to Allies African Americans move north and west looking for work, women go to work n n n Even more women go to work in WWII Causes tension among established residents 110, 000 Asian Americans moved to internment camps out east, take oath New place for women and minorities, leads to civil rights movement

Camp Miami Beach

The Allies Advance n US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress military operations, not political differences n n 1942: War turns against Germany, Japan n n n Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender Nov ’ 42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’ 43 Feb ’ 43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad June ’ 42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway Gen Mac. Arthur begins offensive in Philippines Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping” May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders September 1943: Allies invade Italy

The European Theater n After Allies take Sicily, King Victor Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by Germans n n June 1944: Allies take Rome June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of Normandy’s beaches, then on to Germany n August ’ 44: Allies take Paris n March ’ 45: Allies cross into Germany n April ’ 45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far away n n n April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders

The Asian Theater n n n April 1945: US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman Allied forces approach Japanese homeland Japanese refuse to surrender n n August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Japanese city Hiroshima n n Truman must decide to use new atomic bomb Emperor refuses to surrender Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki n Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945

Peace & A New War n n n Allied victory brings tensions b/w powers Cold War: United States and Soviet Union enter period of ideological conflict Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin Outlines final attack on Germany (1943) n Split Germany between, east and west, US-UK forces and Soviet forces n Soviets would liberate eastern Europe n

The Yalta Conference n n The Big Three meet in February 1945 Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan n n All three join new United Nations n n n Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France Sides divided over setting free elections

Potsdam and New Struggles n July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany President Truman replaces Roosevelt n Truman demands elections for Europe n Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better n Soviets had lost more than other Allies n n n Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg Germany(1945 -1946) Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/west