The Second Moroccan Crisis CB aim to explain

The Second Moroccan Crisis C/B aim – to explain who could have been to blame, the events and consequences of this crisis B/A aim – to analyse who was ultimately to blame, the events and broader consequences of the crisis What does this cartoon suggest? Who do you think drew this cartoon?

The Second Moroccan Crisis • German military figures had gained in influence and France had a greater nationalistic outlook • In Fez, near Agadir port, riots occurred due to problems in Morocco in 1911. The French sent in troops to keep control of the port as had been agreed in the Algeciras Conference. However, the Germans thought the French would use it to take control of Morocco. • The Germans decided to send a warship, they didn’t want to send troops as it would antagonise the French and they didn’t want to do nothing as this would antagonise Moltke and the other influential German military leaders. List all the countries that could be to blame for the Crisis. Which would you ultimately place the blame with? Tangiers, where the First Moroccan Crisis was.

• • • Talks were called. The Germans stated that they wanted the French Congo in exchange for French Control in Morocco. The French weren’t keen but did keep the talks going. Britain sent a note to Germany saying that they didn’t want war over Morocco. However, the Times published an article raising the alarm over Germany’s requests, arguing that the British empire in Sub-Saharan Africa was at risk. The Germans complained about the article. The Chancellor of the Exchequer then said “it would be a humiliation intolerable for a great country like ours to endure” if Germany got the French Congo. The British media presented a more hawkish front. It was reported that Churchill had completed plans for a British expeditionary force and that he had ensured the protection of the Royal Navy’s cordite supply against suspected German sabotage. It was also reported that the Royal Navy had been put on full alert. This approach by the British media forced Foreign Secretary Grey into announcing that he would not send Royal Navy warships to Morocco but that he would monitor what was happening in Africa with great care and caution so that British interests were not threatened. On September 1 st 1911 negotiations between France and Germany came to an abrupt halt. This resulted in the stock market in Berlin crashing. It showed just how sensitive the situation had become as the only reason the negotiations had halted was because of an illness to French diplomatist Cambon. Others misread the situation. By November 1911, both Germany and France had come to a conclusion over their particular stance in Africa. France handed to Germany over 107, 000 square miles of land, which the French media portrayed as “a few acres of swamp”. Germany handed over to France 6, 450 square miles of land in the Upper Cameroons. But neither the Congo nor Morocco turned out to be economic goldmines. Explain what happened in the Second Moroccan Crisis. Is there anyone else you could blame? Could you add anything to these notes? Who would you ultimately blame?

What impact did the second Moroccan Crisis have? • List the impacts you think the Moroccan Crisis would have had.

• Read the a question answer and cross out any irrelevant knowledge or knowledge which isn’t focused on the question. • Write in the margin A for analysis (where they have brought it back to the question) and E for evidence. They should have lots of both. • Improve the essay by adding more analysis and evidence. • Improve the introduction and conclusion by explaining their line of argument in both.

Which source do you believe in their interpretation of the Two Moroccan Crisis? Explain your answer. Germany acted unnecessarily aggressively in Morocco. The Kaiser should certainly not have landed in Tangiers and shouldn’t have sent ships to Agadir either. They were clearly trying to intimidate and isolate the French so that they could continue to bully and possibly even conquer France at a later date. Fischer, The German Nation, 1970 Germany had no choice but to act as it did. France was strengthening their empire against the Germans. Britain was clearly strengthening their ties with France and Germany understandably did anything it could to avoid this. Niall Ferguson, The War of the World, 2006 In your paragraph structure it as follows. • A summary of how the sources disagree • Which source you believe using own knowledge and evaluation

Homework – due Monday Read pp. 66 -76 in your access to History books and p. 24 on your revision guide and fill in this table. What impact did military decisions have on the build up to WWI? Decision about preparing for war Country that made this decision Germany Germany Britain France Did this decision reduce or increase tensions in Europe (consider whether the other countries knew about it) How significant was this decision in reducing or increasing tensions?