THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA I THE BERLIN CONFERENCE

THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

I. THE BERLIN CONFERENCE A. WHY, & WHEN? IN ORDER TO AVOID WAR, THE MAJOR EUROPEAN NATIONS MET IN 1884 -85, AND AGREED TO DIVIDE AFRICA UP AMONG

B. MAIN THEY WANTED TO GET MOTIVE- THEIR HANDS ON AFRICA’S RAW MATERIALS FOR THEIR INDUSTRIES. C. WHO WASN’T INVITED? THE

D. BY 1914 ALL OF AFRICA, EXCEPT FOR LIBERIA & ETHIOPIA HAD BEEN TAKEN OVER

II. AFRICAN REACTION A. IN MANY CASES THE AFRICANS FOUGHT BACK IN AN ATTEMPT TO B. FAMOUS STOP THE TAKE-OVER. EXAMPLETHE ZULUS FOUGHT THE BRITISH

C. USUAL OUTCOMETHE EUROPEANS WOULD DEFEAT THE AFRICANS BECAUSE OF THE NEW MACHINE GUNS THEY HAD.

III. RULING THE COLONIES A. DIRECT RULEEUROPEAN OFFICALS TOLD THE AFRICANS WHAT THEY COULD OR COULDN’T DO.

B. INDIRECT RULETHE EUROPEANS ALLOWED LOCAL KINGS TO RULE, THEY JUST TOLD THE LOCAL KINGS

C. HOW DID THE FRENCH DIFFER FROM THE BRITISH? THE FRENCH TRIED TO TURN THEIR AFRICANS “FRENCH” THROUGH ASSIMILATION, WHILE THE BRITISH FELT THE AFRICANS COULD NEVER

IV. IMPACT OF EUROPEAN RULE A. AFRICANS WERE FORCED TO DO LABOR, BY TAXES & B. AFRICANS WERE VIOLENCE. FORCED TO GROW CASH CROPS INSTEAD OF C. THE EUROPEANS OFTEN FOOD PITTEDCROPS.

v. LEGACY OF COLONIAL RULE A. POSITIVE EFFECTSIN SOME PLACES, SCHOOLS & HOSPITALS WERE BUILT. THE EUROPEANS ALSO

B. NEGATIVE EFFECTS-MILLIONS OF AFRICANS -RELIANCEDIED. ON CASH CROPS ONLY LEDMODERNIZATION TO FAMINE IN -NO SOME WAS AREAS. ALLOWED IN ROBBED MOST -AFRICA WAS AREAS. OF MUCH

-THE ARTIFICIAL BORDERS THE EUROPEANS CREATED LED TO -THE EUROPEANS DID CIVIL WARS WHEN THEY NOT HELP LEFT. THE AFRICANS SET UP STABLE GOVERNMENTS WHEN