The Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution 1550 1700 s

The Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution (1550 -1700 s) • Can roughly be traced to mid 1600 th century • Influenced by and a continuation of ideas coming out of period known as the Renaissance • Focused in Europe • Influenced the period that came to be known as the Enlightenment

Ancient Philosophers • • Socrates (469 -399 BCE) Plato (424 -327 BCE) Aristotle (384 -322 BCE) Claudius Ptolemy (90168 CE)

Renaissance (1300 - 1600 CE)

Foundation of Scientific Revolution

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 -1543)

Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)

Francis Bacon (1561 -1626)

“There remains simple experience; which, if taken as it comes, is called accident, if sought for, experiment. The true method of experience first lights the candle [hypothesis], and then by means of the candle shows the way [arranges and delimits the experiment]; commencing as it does with experience duly ordered and digested, not bungling or erratic, and from it deducing axioms [theories], and from established axioms again new experiments. ” - Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620.

René Descartes (1596 -1650)

Isaac Newton (1642 -1726)

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment- What is it? • Broad goals of liberty, progress, reason, tolerance • Age of increased empiricism, scientific rigor turned upon man and society • Freeing the mind to use one’s intelligence • Questioning of interdependent relationship between hereditary monarchy, leaders of the church, and the bible

Thomas Hobbes (1588 -1679)

John Locke (1632 - 1704)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 -1778)

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689 -1755)

Voltaire (1694 -1778)

Adam Smith (1723 -1790)