The Scientific Revolution l How did science begin

The Scientific Revolution l How did science begin to change the way people thought? Copernicus Galileo Newton

Copernicus: Heliocentric Theory Prior to 1500 s true or false was determined by referring to an ancient thinker or the Bible l Scientific Revolution refers to a period in history in which people changed their thinking about truth & the natural world l First challenge was to Aristotle’s & Ptolemy’s Earth-centered Geocentric theory • 1543: Copernicus publishes Heliocentric theory, a sun-centered universe l Earth Centered Universe Sun Centered Universe

Kepler & Galileo l 1601: Johannes Kepler (math) agreed with Copernicus, but said the orbits were oval shaped • 1610: Italian scientist Galileo writes Starry Messenger Elliptical orbits! • Galileo’s book challenged Aristotle’s idea that moon & the stars were perfect • Catholic Church warns Galileo not to publish the book, he does! I recant • Pope put Galileo on trial • Under the threat of torture, Galileo recants Galileo on trial

Revolution Continues 1. Bacon & Decartes help develop the scientific method, allowing scientists to prove their ideas: l A) After observation a hypothesis is formed, B) Further obs & testing creates a theory, and C) eventually it can become a law 2. 1600 s: English scientist Sir Isaac Newton studies motion & physics and develops Law of Gravity 3. Better tools & instruments are created to make precise observations 4. Advancements in medicine & anatomy help people live longer 5. Robert Boyle’s work in chemistry challenges long-held beliefs