The Schools Chapter 14 Gary Novak The Schools

The Schools Chapter 14 Gary Novak

The Schools As Agents of Society & Culture The Gary Novak Functions of Education

Type S and Type F Systems Type S (Static) Organizations Type F (Functional) Organizations Gary Novak

Type S Systems (Organizations) Static (Status Quo) Controlled by Avoidance (Neg. Reinf. ) Select for status quo (No change) Invented Wisdom of Experts Bureaucratic Structure Gary Novak

Type F Systems (Organizations) Functional Discovered Knowledge Cost/Benefits Contingencies Variability & Change Gary Novak

What Type of Systems are Schools? Project Follow Through Gary Novak Planned variation experiment costing billions Measures • Basic Skills (reading, spelling, lang. , math) • Cognitive/conceptual • Affective What worked? Direct Instruction What was funded? Failure! Why? – “Developmentalism” and Behavior Analysis

Teaching as Applied Developmental Psychology Learning and teaching • Structural Approach • Functional Approach Developments 2 Questions • What? = Curriculum • How? = Methods Gary Novak

Teaching as Applied Developmental Psychology The Developmental Questions: “How? ” and “What? ” Worldviews and the Curriculum Who Determines Curriculum? What Makes for Effective Teaching Gary Novak

Effective Teaching and the Four. Term Contingency 1. Antecedents or “Cues” (Sds) 2. Active Responding or “Engagement” 3. Consequences - Reinforcement & Corrective Feedback 4. Setting Events Gary Novak

Sds Advance Organizers (Objectives) Adjunct Questions Goal Setting Learning Hierarchies Pretests Gary Novak

Active Responding Frequent Testing Questioning Choral Responding Response Cards Guided notes (Framed Outlines) Gary Novak

Consequences: Reinforcement and Corrective Feedback Praise Effective Correction Procedures (Englemann & Carnine) Gary Novak

The Fourth Term: Setting Events or Establishing Operations Physical Setting - including technology Physiological Conditions (Child health, nutrition) Encouraging Environments Gary Novak

Learn Units 4 Gary Novak -term contingency units

Measure Teacher Effectiveness 3 C/ROD • • Gary Novak close continual contact with the Relevant Outcome Data

The Keller Method (PSI) Sds • Objectives Active Responding • Objectives • Active Discussion with partner • Friday Quiz Consequences • Positive Reinforcement & Corrective Feedback Setting Gary Novak Events?

Skinner on Teaching Be clear about what is to be taught • By specifying the problem you are specifying the solution. Teach first things first Stop making students advance at the same time Program the subject matter Gary Novak