The Safavid empire The Ottoman and the Safavid

The Safavid empire The Ottoman and the Safavid empire

Lesson objectives By the end of the lesson students will be able to O Describe the events which led to the Muslim intervention of Persia. O Describe the reign of different Safavid rulers from 1501 – 1722. The Ottoman and the Safavid empire

Recap O What do you know about Ottoman empire? The Ottoman and the Safavid empire

The Safavid Empire

The Safavids created an empire in Persia in the 1500 s.

E. Napp

The Safavid O The Safavid established a Shi’ite state in Persia, modern-day Iran. O Founded by Shah Ismail in the early 1500 s, O The Safavid dynasty broke with the Sunni Muslims, declared independence and enforced Shiite Islam as their state religion. O Safavid power and territory grew quickly, yet the empire was likely to Sunni attacks from the Uzbeks in the North, Mughals in the east and, most of all Ottomans in the west. O The conflict with the Ottomans was not only over religious differences, but also territory, and the fighting lasted for over 150 years.

Shahs O Safavid rulers were called Shahs. O A Shah was an absolute ruler of the Safavid Empire. O Shahs used their large armies to maintain control of their empire.

Shah Isma’il I O In 1501 took the throne. O He started the Safavid Empire 25 years before Mughals’ rule in India. O He seized most of what is Iran today. O Religious tyrant – Anyone that did not convert to Shi’ism was put to death. O Destroyed the Sunni population in Baghdad in his confrontation with Ottomans. O He helped Emperor Humayun (the Mughal king) to regain his throne. O Succeeded by his son Shah Tahmasp I.

Shah Tahmasp O He revived fine art, especially persian painting, book-binding, calligrapgy. O Safavid culture flourished under his rule. O He improved city planning, architecture which was later admired by shahs. The Ottoman and the Safavid empire

Miniature paintings also flourished in the Safavid Empire.

Shah Abbas O “Abbas the Great” O 1587 took the throne. O Reformed the military and civilian life. O Reformed the government – harshly punished corruption and promoted officials on their merit. O Promoted the culture and art of the Safavids and established relationships with the Europeans. O He brought 2 Englishmen Sherley brothers to teach them the other ways of using gun powder. O He regained the power of areas lost by Shah Tahmasp’s successors. O He moved capital to Ispahan and made a new city along it which was famous for its architecture and grandeur.

Abbas the Great

E. Napp

The production of beautiful rugs flourished in Safavid Persia.

Trade O Safavid rulers greatly encouraged trade. O Trade increased wealth. O Location was a benefit to them for trade. O The production of beautiful Persian rugs and miniature paintings flourished in the Safavid Empire.

Literature, medicine, and the study of astronomy flourished in Safavid Persia.

Safavid Decline O However, high taxes and continuous warfare with the Ottoman Empire weakened the Safavids. O In 1722, the Safavid Empire was conquered by neighboring Afghanistan. O From 1501 -1722, the Safavids ruled Persia.

O When Safavid became rulers after Sassanid they O O O endorse the Persian culture and patronized the Persian culture, literature, architecture, arts and crafts. Persia was famous for its efficient government. Persian language and poetry was lauded and appreciated by others particularly Mughals. Humayun made Persian language as his court language. Persian miniature painting was introduced in India and became a school of Mughal miniature painting. The Persian style of architecture and design was adopted by Mughals. The Ottoman and the Safavid empire

Questions for Reflection: O Who were the Safavid? O Why were the Safavid in conflict with the Ottomans and Mughals? O Safavid Empire came from? Tell the names of the important rulers on Safavid Empire.

Questions O Q 7. Explain how the Persian influence was adopted by the Mughals in their courts. /4 O Q 8. Describe the reign of different Safavid rulers from 1501 – 1722. /6 E. Napp

Session 2 O Safavid Poetry E. Napp