The Roots of Imperialism Imperialism o strong nations

The Roots of Imperialism

●Imperialism: o● strong nations controlling weaker territories politically, economically and socially.

CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM ●Raw materials/natural resources ●Opportunity for more markets Imperialism forces nations to expand their military ●Alfred Mahan: o●military historian and officer in the Navy; o●encouraged Americans to increase naval power and create foreign bases to refuel and gather fresh supplies

JUSTIFYING IMPERIALISM ●Superiority/Social Darwinism ●Manifest Destiny

AMERICAS STEPS TOWARDS WORLD POWER 1. 1867: US takes possession of Midway Islands 2. 1875 and 1877: US increases trade with Hawaiian Islands and gives US right to have naval base in Pearl Harbor 3. 1867: Secretary of State William Seward buys Alaska from Russia for $7. 2 m 1. Those opposed called Alaska “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox” 2. Alaska doubled size of US and is rich in timber, oil and other natural resources

AMERICAS STEPS TOWARDS WORLD POWER 1. Increasing influence in Latin America 1. 1889: Secretary of State James Blaine sponsors the First International Pan-American Conference 1. Economic cooperation with 17 Latin American countries 2. Created the Pan-American Highway system linking the US with Central and South America

● 1887 US convinces King Kalakaua to amend Hawaii’s constitution ● 1893: US overthrows Queen Liluokalani b/c she was imposing high tariffs on farmers and abolished the constitution ●President Benjamin Harrison annexes Hawaii but can’t sign the treaty b/c term was over. ●President Cleveland does not sign treaty ● 1898 William Mc. Kinley signs the treaty after the outbreak of the Spanish. American War.

AMERICAN JINGOISM(AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM )

14. 2 The Spanish-American War What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American war?

●US invests $50 m in sugar-cane plantations and other businesses in Cuba

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR ● 1895 Cuban patriot Jose Marti launched a war for independence from Spain o. Used guerilla tactics o. Cubans and Spanish destroy American property o. US has sympathy for Cubans b/c of Revolution o. US journalists highlight the war with comic strips and headlines on front pages § (called ‘yellow press’) o. Mc. Kinley warns Spanish to establish peace or the US will step in

THE WAR CON’T ●Spain refuses to give Cuba independence ●Mc. Kinley orders the battleship Maine to protect American citizens in Cuba ●Secret letter denouncing Mc. Kinley from Spain infuriates American jingoism o(aggressive nationalism and relations with Spain) ●After making the letter public the Maine blows up. Journalists automatically accuse Spain

THE WAR CON’T ● 11 April 1898 Mc. Kinley asks Congress to declare war ●Congress creates 4 resolutions to independence o. Fourth resolution—the Teller Amendment—said US had no intentions of annexing Cuba ●Spain declares war on US

THE WAR CON’T ●American troops battle Spanish o 1898 Commodore George Dewey brings his vessels to Manila Bay in the Philippines. o. Americans surprise Spanish fleet and destroy them o. Spanish surrender to US and US captures Guantanamo Bay

THE WAR CON’T ●Some US troops called Rough Riders—led by Theodore Roosevelt o. They were rugged westerners and upper class easterners o. Intricate in America’s victory

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ● 1898 US and Spain sign Treaty of Paris o. Spain gives up most control over Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guam o. Sold Philippines to US for $20 m

TARGET GOAL Make a Positive/Negative T-chart about Roosevelt. Then, look at the reasons why Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln are on Mt. Rushmore and create a criteria. Looking at your +/- chart, do you think T. Roosevelt is worthy enough to have his face on Mt. Rushmore next to Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln? Defend your answer. You should discuss the criteria of having a face on Mt. Rushmore and why he does/does not fit that criteria. How does he compare to the other