The Romans In Britannia By Alison Crouch Source

The Romans In Britannia By: Alison Crouch Source: watchmanministries. org

Brief Overview n Britain before the Romans n Roman invasion n Romanizing Britain n Temple in Bath n Day at the Baths n History of water n First documented case of healing

Pre Roman Britannia n Stone Age – 500, 000 years ago – 15, 000 years ago n New Stone Age – 4000 BC n Bronze Age – 2000 BC n Chesil Beach Source: http: //courses. wccnet. edu/~jrush/england. htm

Tribes of Britannia n Celts lived in organized societies n Scattered farming communities n Bronze and iron technology and goldsmith n Women spun, wove, and dyed wool n Defenses – Wattle fencing – Ditches Source: uk. games-workshop. com

Roman Invasion n AD 55 ~ Caesar – – Julius Caesar n Aulus Plautius Source: The Roman Baths AD 54 ~ Caesar – – n 10, 000 men 80 ships 50, 000 troops 2, 000 cavalry AD 43 – 24, 000 men – 24, 000 auxiliary troops

Roman Legions n Legion – 5, 000 men & 120 cavalry n II, IX, XIV, and XX n Auxiliary troops n Tasks in country – Subdue conquered territories – Romanize and urbanization Source: www. caerleon. net/history/army/page 2. html

Romanizing Britain n Towns – Lay out – Government n Houses – Central Heating – Mosaics n Roads Source: Crouch

Roman Roads – – – Stone, Gravel, Sand Drainage Ditch Dug out 3 feet deep and 23 feet across – Tracks were 8 feet across – Surveyed Source: courses. wccnet. edu/~jrush/england. htm

Source: courses. wccnet. edu/~jrush/england. htm

Central Heating A Furnace B Under floor chamber C Column of tiles supporting floor D Bridging tiles E Floor of room F Box shaped tiles Source: http: //www. canterburytrust. co. uk/schools/gallery/gall 09 c. htm

Aquae Sulis = Bath n Pre-Roman n Urban Settlement – Shops and lodging – Agricultural, pewter manufacturing and stone masonry n Spiritual retreat and leisure resort n Town covered about 23 acres

n Celts Sulis Minerva ~ the Waters of Sul – Goddess of the springs – Lived in water n Romans – Minerva – Wisdom and Healing – Lived in water n Sulis Minerva Source: The Roman Baths Source: Crouch

Sacred Spring Source: The Roman Baths Source: Crouch AD 65 n 1 million liters ~ 46° C or 500, 000 gallons ~ 120° F n Tokens of appreciation n – 12, 000 Roman coins from 1 -114 th century AD – Combs, jewelry, brooches, bracelets, and other trinkets

Curses n Written on small scrolls of pewter n 130 found in Celtic, Latin, and Cursive v[D]ocimedis [p]erdidi (t) manicilia dua qui illas involavi (t) ut mentes sua(s) perd[at] et oculos su[o]s in fano ubi destina v. Execro qui involaverit qui Deomiorix de hospitio suo perdiderit quicumque r[es] deus illum inveniat sanguine et vitae suae illud redemat

The Temple Source: The Roman Baths

The Courtyard Religious ceremonies n Sacrificial alters n Other Gods honored n Source: The Roman Baths Source: Crouch

The Great Bath Lined with 45 layers of lead n 3. 9 foot deep n – 1. 6 meters deep n 131 foot roof – 40 meters Source: Crouch

Day at the baths n n n n Diving and swimming Massage rooms Game rooms Weight rooms Business rooms Saunas Pool rooms n n n n Change Hot pool Hot wet room Hot dry room Oil applied and dirt removed Tepid pool Cold plunge Strigil Source: romansinsussex. co. uk

Where did the water come from? n n 10, 000 years ago ~ Rain water 2700 – 4300 meters deep 147° - 205 ° F ~ 64° - 96° C 43 minerals Source: Cunliffe

Prince Bladud The Legend Source: The Roman Baths Source: www. britannia. com/history/legend

Final thoughts