The Roman Republic Romes government developed between 700

The Roman Republic

-Rome’s government developed between 700 and 471 BCE -Etruscan kings were the earliest rulers -They were then ousted and Rome was ruled by patricians Who were patricians?

Patricians: -were the wealthy landowners -noble families of Rome -represented top 2% of the population -dominated Rome’s early republican government Republic: form of government in which power rests with the people through their elected representatives

Roman Republic before 471 BCE: Consuls (2) chief executive officers • chosen each year by the assembly • administered the government • commanded the armies The Senate (300) • served for life • proposed laws and advised the consuls The government at this time was made up entirely of patricians. What type of government is it? The Assembly • comprised of patrician soldiers • appointed the consuls and made laws • had less power than the Senate and was controlled by the wealthiest citizens

The government was an aristocracy because the patricians were wealthy landowners. 98% of the population was not represented in the government. In 479 BCE, the plebeians formed their own government. Who were the plebeians? The majority of the population the average citizens of Rome

Conflict of Orders: - c. 479 BCE, plebeians sought representation in the government - when patricians refused, the plebeians withdrew from Rome and threatened not to serve Rome should a crisis occur - since plebeians made up most of the military and worked on the farms, they effectively gained political power by threatening not to work

Roman Republic –before 471 BCE After 471 BCE, plebeians gained a voice in government: Consuls (2) chief executive officers • chosen each year by the assembly • administered the government • commanded the armies The Senate (300) • served for life • proposed laws and advised the consuls The Tribunes • representatives representing plebeians only • protected plebeians from unfair acts The Centuriate Assembly • comprised of high ranking patrician soldiers • appointed the consuls and made laws • had less power than the Senate and was controlled by the wealthiest citizens The Council of Plebs • elected tribunes and later passed laws affecting plebeians

451 BCE Twelve Tables: first written law code was created The laws were carved on twelve tables and hung in the Forum, a public square in the center of the city Importance: All free citizens including plebeians had a right to the protections of the law

By 287 BCE, the plebeians were permitted to serve as consuls and the Council of Plebs gained the power to pass laws on behalf of all Romans. The government of the Roman Republic was a representative democracy. But who was not represented in this government? Women and slaves How is this different from Greek democracy? Greek democracy was direct; all eligible citizens voted on all laws -no representatives

366 BCE: Judicial system established Office of Praetor was created: • carried out civil law for Roman citizens • governed Rome when consuls were away As Rome grew, non-citizen population grew 242 BCE: another Praetor was appointed to judge cases in which one or both people were noncitizens

Citizenship: • Citizens were adult male landowners • All citizens were required to serve in the army for 10 years • Citizenship was offered to many non. Romans

Effects of the Conflict of the Orders • Plebeians could hold the highest offices of the state • Plebeians could intermarry with patricians • Plebeians could pass laws binding on the entire Roman community The Forum - Rome While it looked like a democracy… These effects led to intermarriage between select plebeian and patrician families which created a new aristocracy in the Senate.

Citations http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a 3/Maccari. Cicero. jpg/400 px-Maccari-Cicero. jpg http: //estevezlawfirm. com/images/Law. Books 4. png http: //www. travel-destination-pictures. com/data/media/27/ancient-rome_7. jpg http: //ux. brookdalecc. edu/fac/socsci/Scales_of_justice 2. jpg

What is a Republic? _____________ Early Roman Republic Who were Patricians? ______________________ What was Rome’s earliest type of government? __________ What did it change into before 471 BCE? _________ Who were the Plebeians? ________ Before 471 BCE: Draw a diagram of the Roman Republican government Describe the Conflict of Orders: After 471 BCE, what Plebeian branches of government were added? What functions did they serve? What were the twelve Tables and why were they important? Name: _________

Who could be a citizen in Rome? What was required for citizenship? Describe the role of Praetors. What were the effects of the Conflict of Orders? Do you think the Roman Republic became a democracy? Support your answer. _______________________________________________________________