The Roman Forum Roman Aqueducts The Roman Colosseum

Rome grows through conquest • Punic wars – Three wars against Carthage – Punic

Impact at home SO many slaves 40% of empire’s population Causes Romans to be

Impact at home • Unemployed homeless poor become angry mobs • New wealth for

Reform Leaders § Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • the poor should be given grain

Military Reformer Gaius Marius *recruited an army from the poor and homeless. *professional standing

Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey

CEASAR • CEASAR AND POMPEY DOMINATE POLITICS • POMPEY IS JEALOUS OF CEASAR •

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC VENI VIDI VICI BECOMES DICTATOR OF ROME

Caesar's reforms • • FDR like public works for unemployed Land to poor Citizenship

No mo caesar • His enemies thought he would become the king of Rome

No mo caesar • Mark Antony Caesar's chief General and Octavian his grand nephew

Octavian • • Senate renames him the exalted one Gives him office of 1

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

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The Roman Forum

Roman Aqueducts

The Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum Interior

Circus Maximus

Rome grows through conquest • Punic wars – Three wars against Carthage – Punic War #1 Rome – Punic war #2 Hannibal and elephants lose – Punic war #3 Rome crushes – Rome now owns Meditterranean

Carthaginian Empire

Hannibal’s Route

Roman empire

Impact at home SO many slaves 40% of empire’s population Causes Romans to be lazy Imported Grain drops grain prices Hurts small farmers so they have to sell Former farmers move to cities looking for work • Creates huge class of unemployed poor folks • What do we do with them? • • •

Impact at home • Unemployed homeless poor become angry mobs • New wealth for rich causes corruption • Greed and self interest replace other older roman values

Reform Leaders § Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. • Killed by thugs hired by SENATE • SENATE was afraid of their power • Thousands of their followers

Military Reformer Gaius Marius *recruited an army from the poor and homeless. *professional standing army.

How you doin?

Republic declines CIVIL WARS SLAVE UPRISINGS SOLDIERS BECOME PAID AND LOYALTY IS GIVEN TO COMMANDERS

Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey

CEASAR • CEASAR AND POMPEY DOMINATE POLITICS • POMPEY IS JEALOUS OF CEASAR • POMPEY AND SENATE TELL HIM TO DISBAND HIS ARMY

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC VENI VIDI VICI BECOMES DICTATOR OF ROME

Caesar's reforms • • FDR like public works for unemployed Land to poor Citizenship to more people Julian calendar 12 months rather than 10

No mo caesar • His enemies thought he would become the king of Rome • When he came into the Senate, they shanked him

Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

No mo caesar • Mark Antony Caesar's chief General and Octavian his grand nephew attempted to get the killers • The two forces started fighting each other • Mark Antony and Cleopatra are defeated