THE ROMAN EMPIRE THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE THE BYZANTINE

THE ROMAN EMPIRE THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE WAS: 1. A LOT SMALLER 2. A LOT RICHER 3. A LOT EASIER TO DEFEND **BECAUSE OF THIS IT WAS ABLE TO DEFEND ITSELF AGAINST ZE GERMANS AND ZE HUNS.

BUT IT KEPT A LOT OF ROME TOO: TAXATION SYSTEM, ROAD SYSTEM, LAWS, A CENTRALIZED AND ADMINISTRATIVE BEAURACRACY

THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE IS THAT THE BYZANTINE EMPEROR IN CONSTANTINIOPLE CONSIDERED HIMSELF THE EMPEROR AND THE POPE

EMPEROR POPE

IN WESTERN EUROPE YOU HAD KINGS AND THEN THE POPE.

THE LEFT SIDE WAS BUT THE RIGHT SIDE ROMAN CATHOLIC WAS ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN

PLUS, IN CATHOLICISM, THE POPE IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE VOICE OF GOD BYZANTINE PEOLE THOUGH THIS WAS CRAZEE!!!!!!

THE PATRIARCH OF GREECE

THE PATRIARCH OF RUSSIA

STUPID DISAGREEMENTS: 1. WAS JESUS THE SON OF GOD OR JUST HIS VEHICLE? 2. WAS MARY A VIRGIN? BLAH, BLAH

PRIESTS CAN GET MARRIED AND DON’T HAVE TO BE CELIBATE.

LATIN GREEK

THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET IN EASTERN EUROPE TURNS INTO RUSSIAN

FUN FACT: THE ONLY REASON THAT PRINCE VLADIMIR OF RUSSIA BECAME CHRISTIAN IS……. . ISLAM FORBIDS ALCOHOL!!!!

THE MOST FAMOUS BYZANTINE EMPEROR WAS A GUY NAMED JUSTINIAN

HE BUILT THE HAGUE SOPHIA WHICH TODAY IS CALLED THE BLUE MOSQUE

THE JUSTINIAN CODE

JUSTINIAN TRIED TO GET BACK THE OLD WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE BUT…

WESTERN EUROPE

MEANWHILE IN WESTERN EUROPE…. . ZE GERMANS AND ZE BARBARIANS RUN THE SHOW

THE OLD ROMAN EMPIRE WAS A MESS 1. ROME USED TO HAVE 1, 000 PEOPLE. AFTER THE GERMAN AND THE VIKINGS MOVED IN, ROME ONLY HAD 10, 000 PEOPLE 2. EUROPE LOST 25% OF ITS POPULATION TO DISEASE, WAR AND THE PLAGUE

1. Land under cultivation contracted, while forests, marshland, and wasteland expanded. 2. Urban life too diminished sharply, as Europe reverted to a largely rural existence. 3. Public buildings crumbled from lack of care. 1. Outside Italy, long-distance trade dried up as Roman roads deteriorated, and money exchange gave way to barter in many places

LET’S KEEP SOME OF ROME: Now as leaders of their own kingdoms, the Germanic rulers actively embraced written Roman law, using fines and penalties to provide order and justice in their new states in place of feuds and vendettas.

THE POPE STARTS TO PROCLAIM “HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS”. CHARLEGMANE IS THE MOST FAMOUS

FEUDALISM

DEFINITIONS FROM THE AP PRINCETON REVIEW BOOKS: THE KING IS ON TOP! LOCAL LORDS ARE UNDER HIM, AND THEY CONTROL LARGE PEICES OF LANDS MANORS: LARGE ESTATES THAT ARE SELF SUFFCIENT AND SEPARATE FROM THE OTHER LANDS VASSALS: KNIGHTS OR SMALLER LORDS WHO PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO BIGGER LORDS IN EXCHANGE FOR FIGHTING FOR THESE BIGGER LORDS, THESE VASSALS GOT A LITTLE BIT OF LAND OF THEIR OWN.

SERFS: THE PEASANTS WHO HAD TO WORK ON THE LAND.

THEY COULD BE BOUGHT OR SOLD WITH THE LAND. KIND OF LIKE SLAVERY BUT THEY COULD NOT BE WHIPPED AND COULD LIVE WITH THEIR FAMILIES. IN EXCHNAGE THEY GOT PROTECTION FROM THE LORD.

HOW DID EUROPEAN FEUDALISM TREAT WOMEN? LOWER CLASS WOMEN WERE TREATED LIKE ______ AND UPPER CLASS WOMEN WERE TREATED LIKE ______

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH BECOMES VERY POWERFUL AND VERY RICH 1. THE POPE 2. CARDINALS 3. BISHOPS 4. LOCAL PRIESTS 5. ENTIRE MONASTERIES (STOPPED TREATING WOMEN WELL BUT CONTINUED TO HELP THE SICK. )

AND OF COURSE, THE POPE SENT OUT MISSIONARIES TO CONVERT THE REST OF EUROPE. MANY GERMANS AND VIKINGS HAD ALREADY BECOME CHRISTIAN. NOW THE REST OF EUREOP WOULD TOO! WHY? 1. YOU WERE SEEN AS A BIG SHOT IF YOU WERE CHRISTIAN 2. JESUS COULD PERFORM MIRACLES, AND SO COULD THE BUDDHA

DECEMEBER 25 TH IS CHOSEN AS CHRISTMAS. WHY?

INVESTITURE CONFLICT: WHO’S GONNA APPOINT BISHOPS AND PRIESTS, THE POPE OR THE KINGS? “It is the will of the Creator, ” declared the teaching of the Church, “that the higher shall always rule over the lower. Each individual and class should stay in its place [and] perform its tasks. ” 14

BUT THEN WESTERN EUROPE MAKES A COMEBACK!!! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. GLOBAL WARMING IN THE YEAR 750 THE CANNON WATERMILL AS A TOOL IRON HORSEHOES CITIES LIKE VENICE AND LONDON INCREASED IN SIZE 6. POPULATION RISES TO ALMOST 100 MILLION, JUST LIKE CHINA

GLOBAL WARMING IN THE YEAR 750 AND THEN BY THE YEAR 1000 WESTERN EUROPE IS STARTIN TO GET IT’S GROOVE ON. S E G A E L D D I M H G I H E H T

WESTERN EUROPEAN INVENTIONS

WATERMILL

UNFORTUNATELY, BY THE YEAR 1300 ½ THE FORESTS ARE GONE Marshes were drained; land was reclaimed from the sea in the Netherlands; everywhere trees were felled. By 1300, the forest cover of Europe had been reduced to about 20 percent of the land area. “I believe that the forest…covers the land to no purpose, ” declared a German abbot, “and hold this to be an unbearable harm.

THE CRUSADES:

DOME OF THE ROCK

First Crusade 1095– 1099 THE CHRISTIANBS TAKE JERUSALEM AND SLAUGHTER THE JEWS AND THE MUSLIMS. HOW VERY CHRISTIAN OF THEM! Second Crusade 1147– 1149 THE CHRISTIANS TAKE SPAIN AND PORTUGAL BACK FROM THE MUSLIMS Third Crusade 1187– 1192 THE ISLAMIC COMMANDER SALADIN UNIFIES THE MUSLIMS AND RETAKES JERUSALEM Fourth Crusade 1202– 1204 THE CRUSADERS CAN’T TAKE JERUSALEM SO THEY DESTROY CONSTANTINOPLE INSTEAD!

3 NON-RELIGIOUS IMPLICATIONS OF THE CRUSADES: 1. THE POPE BECOMES EVEN MORE POWERFUL 2. SPAIN BECOMES MORE CHRISTIAN AND LESS MULSIM 3. EUROPEANS START TRADING WITH MUSLIMS IN THE MIDDLE EAST 4. IT IS BECAUSE OF THIS THAT CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS GOES WEST, TO BE ABLE TO GET TO CHINA WITHOUT GOING THROUGH ISLAM AND THE MIDDLE EAST.